W hy I Swear by Scrivener for Drafting My Novels Once upon a time, I was a little writing gremlin hoarding dialogue in Apple Notes, storing plot twists in untitled Docs, and whispering “I’ll remember this later” into the void. I lived in digital disarray, fueled by vibes, caffeine, and the occasional panic scroll through 87 files titled “finaldraft_revised_FINALfinal2.docx.” Then I found Scrivener. And it changed everything . Suddenly, my chaotic gremlin energy had a castle to live in—with labeled drawers, secret passageways, and trapdoors for discarded plot bunnies. Before Scrivener? My novel living in chaos. After Scrivener? Still chaos—but now it's color-coded and easy to navigate. All that to say, it didn’t just help me organize my stories—it helped me finish  them. I’ve been using Scrivener for nearly a decade now (wow), and it’s still one of my absolute favorite and go-to tools. It’s more than just a writing app—it’s a creative command center for writers, no matter your style or stage in the process. When I first opened Scrivener, I was overwhelmed by the features, but I quickly realized it was like discovering a secret room in a house I'd been living in my whole life. Suddenly, I had drawers to sort ideas into, boards to pin up my thoughts, and folders to track every tangled thread of my stories. And today, I’m dragging you down into the Scrivener rabbit hole with me and why you, my insomniac, caffeine-addicted writer, should ditch the chaos and fall in love with Scrivener—because it’s glorious, and honestly, you deserve nice things too. Table Of Contents What You Need To Know Built For Writers How I Use Scrivener Scrivener For Every Writing Style Scrivener Learning Curve Favorite Features & Customizations Writing On-The-Go Advanced Scrivener Sorcery Is Scrivener For You? Quick Fact Recap Concluding Thoughts What You Need To Know About Scrivener Before you dive in, here are a few basics to keep in mind: Scrivener is a one-time purchase—$50 for the desktop app (Mac or Windows) and around $20 for the iOS version. No subscription, no hidden fees. Just buy it once and it’s yours. You also get a  very generous  free trial: 30 active days of use (meaning only the days you actually open the app count toward the trial). So if you use it twice a week, that trial will last you a lot longer than you'd expect. Scrivener is available on Mac, Windows, and iOS, but not on Android. And if you want to sync projects across devices (like your computer and your phone), you’ll need to use Dropbox. That’s the only syncing option Scrivener supports across platforms. You  can  technically use other cloud services, but it can get messy or corrupt files—so I stick with Dropbox. It’s reliable, and honestly? I trust it more than Google Drive anyway. Scrivener Is Built For Writers Unlike Word or Google Docs, Scrivener isn’t a general-purpose word processor—it was built specifically for authors. You can break your manuscript into scenes or chapters, organize research, plan plot points, and write in distraction-free mode. Everything lives in one place, and you’re not constantly jumping between tabs or apps. No more endless scrolling. No more "wait, which version is the latest one?" No more copy-pasting from Notes, Google Docs, and rogue PDFs. Just your story, organized your way. It's like having a digital whiteboard, filing cabinet, sticky note wall, and typewriter—all rolled into one flexible platform. You can be in the middle of a sentence, open a sidebar, check your worldbuilding notes, and keep writing without losing momentum. It’s the kind of flow state every writer dreams about. How I Use Scrivener (& How It Supports My Chaos) I don’t always write scenes in order, and Scrivener totally gets that. During the early stages of my drafting process, it’s rare for my stories to unfold linearly—and the beauty of Scrivener is that I can drag and rearrange scenes whenever I need to. That flexibility is a lifesaver when you’re building a story out of instinct and scattered inspiration. The Corkboard view is especially satisfying for visual planning. I use it to outline and reshuffle chapters, and I color-code scenes by POV or plotline so I can get a quick snapshot of pacing or balance. It feels like having a mood board for your brain. Split-screen mode is another godsend—I can keep my outline or character notes open on one side while I draft on the other. No more flipping between tabs or losing focus. I also take full advantage of the Research folders, where I dump everything from worldbuilding docs to maps, timelines, and even the occasional inspirational song or audio note. My Character and Setting folders are full of personality quirks, backstory snippets, and outfit details, which helps me stay consistent as I write. And before any major revision, I always use Snapshots—just in case I change my mind or spiral into doubt (which, let’s be honest, is a sad but common occurrence for most writers). And let’s be honest: when things feel like a mess, there’s comfort in knowing your story isn’t. Scrivener gives you a kind of organized chaos that makes writing feel less like herding cats and more like conducting a symphony. Scrivener for Every Writing Style Whether you outline extensively or chase character voices in the dark, Scrivener molds to your brain—not the other way around. It gives you the freedom to follow your inspiration and the tools to wrangle it when you’re ready to shape it into something more. Pantsers: Write what you feel when you feel it, move it later. No pressure. Plotters: Build out a full outline with cards, folders, labels, and metadata. Create a scene-by-scene breakdown with as much detail as you want. Plansters (chaos hybrids like me): Scrivener lets you jump between structure and spontaneity without ever losing your place. Getting Over the Learning Curve I'll be honest: Scrivener can feel overwhelming at first. But you don’t need to use every feature! Start simple: One folder for chapters One for characters One for notes That’s enough to get started. You’ll naturally explore more features over time, and there are so many tutorials out there—including the one that helped me the most: Abbie Emmons' Scrivener Masterclass is a step-by-step course designed to help writers master Scrivener quickly and confidently. In five clear modules, she walks you through the essentials—from launching the software and setting up your story project, to customizing your writing space, backing up your work, and using her favorite features to streamline your process. With lifetime access and bite-sized lessons, it’s a great way to level up your writing workflow at your own pace. Also, Scrivener’s built-in tutorial is incredibly thorough. If you take 30 minutes to explore the interactive guide, you’ll feel ten times more confident. Favorite Features & Customization Scrivener’s customization options are one of my favorite things. You can switch between light and dark mode, or even download genre-themed layouts—I use a dark teal and rose gold combo that makes me feel like a moody fantasy queen. Composition Mode gives you distraction-free writing with full-screen immersion, and I’ve set mine to a cozy forest background for maximum ambiance. I also use custom labels and icons to track POV, draft stages, or emotional tone—and yes, there are emojis involved. You can really make Scrivener your creative home. I even know writers who create entire aesthetic boards within their Scrivener binder (which always amazes me because I've never figured out how to do that myself). It’s part writing tool, part inspiration portal. Scrivener On-The-Go One of the things that has made me up my word count and been an incredible addition to my writer's arsenal is the Scrivener app for iOS. I bought it years ago (it was around $20), and while I don’t draft long-form on my phone, it’s perfect for: Reading through scenes while traveling Jotting down ideas quickly Reviewing notes on the go When I’m at a coffee shop or commuting, I often use the app to brainstorm dialogue or re-read scenes that need tweaking. It’s a great way to stay connected to your story even when you’re away from your desk. Dropbox Tip: If you want to sync Scrivener projects between desktop and mobile, use Dropbox. Just make sure it’s syncing to the correct folder. Advanced Scrivener Sorcery Scrivener has some seriously underrated features that make it feel less like a writing app and more like a spellbook for authors. Here are a few of my favorites: Revision Mode : Change your font color for different revision passes. It’s like Track Changes, but aesthetic. I use red for major rewrites, blue for minor tweaks, and purple for dialogue polish. You can spot your changes at a glance. Project Targets + Session Goals : Set custom word count goals for your manuscript  and  each writing session. You get a little progress bar that fills up as you write. It’s wildly motivating, especially on deadline. Writing Statistics : Scrivener tracks your word count across sessions, days, scenes—you name it. Perfect if you're a data nerd or trying to prep for NaNoWriMo. Document Notes vs. Project Notes : Scrivener lets you attach specific notes to each document (scene), as well as keep general project-wide notes. Great for staying organized without needing 47 sticky notes or side docs. Compile Tool : This is Scrivener’s built-in formatting tool, and while it can seem intimidating, it’s  so  powerful. Export your book as a Word doc, PDF, ebook, or even a clean beta reader version—customized exactly how you like. Dialogue-Only View (Hack) : Need to check pacing or character voice? You can use search tools or collections to isolate just your dialogue-heavy scenes. It’s like a vibe check for your characters. Multi-Book Projects : Writing a series? Scrivener can handle it. You can keep multiple books in one project file, plus shared folders for worldbuilding and character arcs that stretch across the series. Secret Uses : Want to stay in character? Add a journal folder where your POV characters “free-write” their feelings. Or keep a hidden folder of rejection letters and positive affirmations titled “Persistence Mode.” (No one has to know but you.) The only limit there is to Scrivener is your own imagination. Is Scrivener Right for You? A Mini-Checklist: ☑︎ You want to keep everything for your novel in one place ☐ You like working in scenes or chapters instead of one massive doc ☑︎ You want flexibility to plan OR just dive in ☑︎ You want to track your revisions, notes, and progress ☐ You’re tired of losing ideas across scattered apps ☐ You need a space that grows with your story If you said yes to even  one  of those—Scrivener might be your new writing soulmate. Quick Facts Recap 💸 Cost: $50 one-time desktop license | ~$20 for iOS app 🖥️ Platform: Mac, Windows, iOS (no Android) 🆓 Free Trial: 30 active days of use (not calendar days!) 💡 Tip: Sync with Dropbox across devices Have I convinced you yet? Check out Scrivener here or click the button below! Concluding Thoughts Think of Scrivener like a house. You don’t have to explore every room right away. Live in the living room. Write at the kitchen table. Open new doors as you grow. Eventually, it will feel like home. Whether you’re writing your first novel or your tenth, it’s absolutely worth trying out. Start small. Stay curious. And remember, you don’t have to use every feature to benefit from it. Want to see how I actually set up a Scrivener project from scratch? That’s coming next! Until then—happy drafting, my fellow word-smiths! —Bair✍︎ Disclaimer: Please note that this blog post contains affiliate links, which means I may receive a referral commission at no extra cost to you . This support helps keep my website up & running, and me writing! Thanks so much for your support! Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

Hello fellow writers! For this intro, I'd like to share a little anecdote to set the tone. Imagine this, once upon a time, I wrote everything in the Apple Notes app. No folders. No structure. Just vibes and pure chaos. Good luck trying to find anything. Organization? Never heard of her. Teenage me was a hardcore pantser, truly flying by the seat of her pants—plot? What's that? I had characters galavanting from one note to another with random dialogue saved in a dozen different notes, sometimes in emoji code when I was at the peak of my midnight madness because I thought that I'd remember what they'd mean by the time I woke up the following morning (spoiler alert: I almost never did). Some ideas would get buried so deep I'd forget they even existed. Every writing session started with scrolling endlessly, hoping I'd stumble on the right note at the right time. But somehow, that messy beginning led me to some of the most invaluable tools I’ve ever discovered as a writer. Tools that didn’t just  tidy things up —they transformed my writing, editing, publishing, and creative process. These resources didn’t just help me stay organized. They changed how I think about storytelling itself. Whether you’re just starting out or knee-deep in your fifth rewrite, here are four resources that changed the game for me (and might just do the same for you). Table Of Contents My Longest & Most Loyal Writing Companion –  Scrivener Better Than Grammarly  –  ProWritingAid Format Your Own Book Using Vellum The Master Treasure Trove For Writers  –  Reedsy Concluding Thoughts 1. Scrivener – My Longest (& Most Loyal) Writing Companion ( Sorry Kimberly ) I discovered Scrivener 8 or 9 years ago (wow, I can’t believe it’s been that long?!), and while there is a bit of a learning curve, I promise you it’s worth it . So don't be like me and spend the first 5 years of your life using Scrivener and not properly knowing how to use it. Because it's one thing to have a good tool. It's another thing entirely to actually know how to use your tool properly . There are a ton of great (and FREE) tutorials out on YouTube, but my personal favorite tutorial was a paid class by Abbie Emmons. Abbie Emmons’ Scrivener Masterclass is a step-by-step course designed to help writers master Scrivener quickly and confidently. In five clear modules, she walks you through the essentials—from launching the software and setting up your story project, to customizing your writing space, backing up your work, and using her favorite features to streamline your process. You can use her pre-built template or build your own project from scratch, and you’ll also get access to seven custom Scrivener themes inspired by different genres. With lifetime access and bite-sized lessons, it’s a great way to level up your writing workflow at your own pace. Her masterclass is $47, but like the Scrivener app itself, it's well worth the investment. Check Out Abbie's Masterclass Here: https://www.learnfromabbie.com/p/teachmescrivener . Learning how to use Scrivener revolutionized my writing. It gave me structure without killing creativity. I could drag and drop scenes, keep character profiles handy, and store research  inside  the project—no more 52 open tabs or rogue notes apps. Once you figure out your rhythm, it becomes second nature. I love how it lets me work in pieces. I can outline with notecards on the corkboard, jump between scenes without endless scrolling, and even split my screen to reference notes while I draft. It's like a writing studio built just for me . I also bought the Scrivener iOS app years ago for around $20, and while I don’t use it to draft, it’s great for reviewing scenes and jotting down ideas on the go. Read my blog post " 6 Writing Essentials For Writers On The Go " here to learn more about how I use Scrivener iOS on my phone for writing on the go. Another bonus? Scrivener offers a free trial for 30 actual days of use—not calendar days. So if you use it twice a week, your trial lasts a lot longer than you'd think. For a one-time $50 investment, you’re not only getting a powerhouse tool that lasts, but it's a lifelong writing companion. Caveat: You will need Dropbox if you want to sync projects across devices, and once your storage grows past a certain limit, there’s a small monthly fee—but I trust Dropbox way more than Google Drive anyway. 💸 Cost: $50 one-time desktop license | ~$20 for iOS app 🖥️ Platform: Mac, Windows, iOS (no Android) 🆓 Free Trial: 30 active days of use (not calendar) 💡 Tip: Syncs with Dropbox across devices Scrivener helped me go from chaos-brained pantser to semi-organized chaos-plotter. It gave me confidence in my process and helped me actually finish projects. 2. ProWritingAid – Better Than Grammarly, Hands Down I cannot say enough good things about ProWritingAid. It leveled up my writing and editing so much, both in my fiction and in college. Where Grammarly just catches grammar, ProWritingAid helps you improve your style—pacing, overused words, sticky sentences, tone, and more. I love that it doesn't just correct me, it teaches me. Every time I run a report, I learn something new about my writing habits. Turns out, I overuse certain words like "just" and "really" and write in passive voice more often than I thought. ProWritingAid helped me become more conscious of my sentence flow and rhythm. If you’re serious about writing, skip the monthly plan and go for the lifetime license. It's an investment, but if you’re going to invest in your craft, make it something that actively helps you become a better writer (& connects seamlessly with Scrivener). It also came in clutch during college papers and essays, making everything tighter, clearer, and more professional. 💸 Cost: $399 lifetime | Monthly & yearly options available 🖥️ Platform: Mac, Windows, Chrome extension, web-based app 🆓 Free Trial: Yes, limited features 💡 Tip: Use for both fiction and nonfiction writing 3. Vellum – The Self-Publishing Secret Weapon Formatting used to be the bane of my existence—until I met Vellum. If you’re planning to self-publish, this is the tool. Clean, intuitive, and beautiful results. You can easily preview how your book will look on various devices and make changes in real time. What I love most is how effortlessly it handles both ebook and print formatting. It makes everything look polished, professional, and elegant. The templates are gorgeous, and you can even customize things like scene breaks and chapter headings to suit your aesthetic. It’s Mac-only and does have a price tag, but the time, effort, and professionalism it saves? Absolutely worth it. If you're publishing multiple books or want to have complete control over your presentation, Vellum pays for itself in peace of mind alone. 💸 Cost: $249 (ebook only) or $299 (ebook + print) 🖥️ Platform: Mac only 🆓 Free Trial: Yes, with watermarks 💡 Tip: Preview book layout instantly across devices 4. Reedsy – A Treasure Trove for Writers Last but not least (had to save the best for last), I found Reedsy through a writer friend (Emma, you're a GEM) and I haven’t looked back. From finding professional editors and designers, to their free writing tools, blog posts, and mini-courses—it’s a total gift to writers, especially indie authors. Reedsy is a fantastic place to connect with vetted professionals, and it gave me peace of mind when I was navigating editing and cover design for the first time. They also offer weekly writing prompts where you can submit a short story for a chance to win actual prize money—yes, real $$$ for your creativity! But beyond the marketplace, their free tools are  amazing.  I still use their name generators, worldbuilding prompts, and book title tools all the time. Honestly, Reedsy has more free resources than  most writing blogs —including mine! Their blog is stacked with helpful guides, and their marketplace pros have shared everything from plot structure breakdowns to genre-specific editing advice. It’s a goldmine for writers at  any  stage. 💸 Cost: Free tools & resources | Marketplace prices vary by freelancer 🖥️ Platform: Web-based 🆓 Free Trial: Not applicable—tools are free 💡 Tip: Check out their free courses and writing prompts Concluding Thoughts Finding the right tools can be like discovering superpowers you didn’t know you had. They don't just help you write more—they help you write smarter. Don’t be afraid to try new things, see what works for you, and invest in what supports your creative flow. These four have been my ride-or-dies. From the wild days of emoji-coded chaos to now, I owe a lot of my growth as a writer to them. In the next few posts, I’ll be diving deeper into how I use each one—from tips and tricks to how they fit into my daily process. None of this is sponsored—just real recommendations from a writer who’s tried it all! “If you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that.” — Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft Got a tool you swear by? Let me know in the comments—I’m always down to try something new. Stay tuned! & Happy writing : ) —Bair✍︎ Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

DISCLAIMER: There are some spoilers for the series Throne of Glass by Sarah J. Maas, The Lord of The Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien, and A Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin. Read at your own risk. Why Characters Matter Most Your protagonist is the lens through which your readers experience the world. A perfectly structured plot means nothing if readers don’t care about who it’s happening to. Compelling characters turn stories into emotional experiences. They evoke empathy, spark curiosity, and ground fantastical or dramatic narratives in deeply human truth. Characters aren’t just players on a stage—they are the soul of your story. Their decisions, doubts, passions, and fears are what bring a narrative to life. Long after a reader forgets the exact sequence of plot events, they will remember the characters who made them feel something. By focusing on character creation early, you lay the emotional and thematic foundation for everything else that follows. A compelling plot without a compelling character is like a body without a heart—it may move, but it doesn’t breathe. That’s why crafting a dynamic, believable protagonist is arguably the most important part of writing a story that lasts. Understanding who your character is, what drives them, and how they evolve will shape your story’s tone, depth, and emotional resonance. Let’s build them from the inside out. Building the Lens: How Your Character Sees the World Every story is filtered through your protagonist’s eyes. Their beliefs, biases, traumas, and values shape how they interpret and react to everything that happens. How do they perceive the world—hopeful, cynical, afraid, curious? What experiences have shaped that worldview? How do they justify their actions to themselves? Their perspective is more than just their opinion—it’s the  filter  through which your entire story will be colored. Is the world unjust or full of potential? Are people generally good or inherently selfish? Whether your story is epic fantasy or contemporary romance, understanding how your character sees the world gives you clarity on tone, theme, and plot. So before you ever sit down to write, consider how your protagonist's perspective influences the story’s tone, moral center, and emotional resonance. Before you write your plot, define  how  your character sees the world—and why they see it that way. In Lesson V , we’ll explore the deeper roots of this lens: the trauma, beliefs, and internalized experiences that shape your character’s worldview, defenses, and inner logic. Then ask: how will that lens shift by the end of the story? What truths will they uncover? What beliefs will they shed—or cling to even tighter? What Makes a Strong, Memorable Character? A strong character doesn’t need to be likable—they need to be  compelling . Memorable protagonists are those who feel real and evoke deep emotion in readers. You don’t need your readers to agree with your character. You need them to understand them. Instead of worrying about whether or not your character is relatable, concern yourself with whether or not they are resonant . Wants vs. Needs:  What they think they want vs. what they actually need to grow. Flaws & Contradictions:  Real humans are messy. So are the best characters. Strengths & Passions:  What makes them admirable, interesting, or unique. Agency:  They make choices—especially difficult or morally gray ones. Arc Potential:  They need room to change, evolve, or unravel. Don’t be afraid to give your character complexity. Let them be angry. Let them be selfish, insecure, idealistic, stubborn—just make sure those traits stem from something meaningful. Great characters often carry emotional wounds and wrestle with impossible decisions. These moments of tension become the heartbeats of your story. The Four Selves: Inner vs. Outer Identity Understanding the Four Selves— Social , Personal , Core , and Hidden —helps you create characters that feel deeply real. Each layer reflects a different aspect of identity, and the friction between them generates emotional depth, inner conflict, and powerful arcs. These layered identities within characters create tension and opportunity for growth: The Social Self  – How they present themselves to the world The Personal Self  – How they see themselves privately The Core Self  – Their values, fears, and emotional truth The Hidden Self  – What they don’t acknowledge, avoid, or repress The Social Self The Social Self is the face your character wears in front of others. It’s shaped by societal expectations, relationships, reputation, and the need to belong. This version of your character is curated, controlled, and often performative. Whether it’s a sarcastic mask, a noble persona, or a ruthless front, it’s not necessarily false—but it’s not the whole truth either. Ask: How do they want to be seen? What image do they protect? The Personal Self This is how your character sees themselves when no one else is watching. It includes their conscious identity: strengths, flaws, self-worth, and inner dialogue. The Personal Self can differ wildly from the Social Self—someone confident in public may feel uncertain or inadequate in private. It’s honest, but still incomplete, often shaped by ego, memory, and bias. Ask: Who do they think they are—and what truths do they avoid? The Core Self The Core Self is the emotional root system—your character’s rawest fears, values, needs, and instincts. This is who they really  are at their most unguarded, and what drives their deepest motivations. It’s the seat of their empathy, shame, desire, and resilience. Revealing the Core Self over time makes a character’s growth resonate more profoundly. Ask: What do they need to feel whole? What pain do they carry? The Hidden Self This self is buried even deeper—made of the things your character doesn’t acknowledge or may not even be aware of. Repressed trauma, shameful desires, or forbidden beliefs live here. The Hidden Self is powerful because it leaks out in unexpected ways: self-sabotage, projection, or moral conflict. Bringing this self into the light is often the climax of their arc. Ask: What truths would devastate them if exposed? What do they deny at all costs? As characters navigate challenges, these selves come into conflict or alignment. Personal arcs often stem from the protagonist discovering, confronting, or integrating these layers. Growth doesn’t happen all at once—it happens when these selves collide, crumble, or reassemble. The more tension that exists between the selves, the more potential your character has to grow. Use this internal friction to create emotionally charged moments that drive change. Character Archetypes & Subversions Use archetypes to understand character roles—but avoid clichés. Ask: how can I give this archetype unexpected depth or direction? Can I combine two archetypes? Can I invert the expectations? Think about how you might be able to subvert the archetypes: What if your Hero is selfish? Your Mentor deeply flawed? Your Trickster is the only honest one? Archetypes are patterns, not boxes. They’re tools you can use or break: The Hero  – The brave figure who embarks on a journey or quest, facing trials and growing into their potential. Defined by courage, action, and transformation. Core trait: bravery in the face of adversity. The Caregiver  – Nurturing, compassionate, and self-sacrificing, the Caregiver seeks to protect and support others—often at a cost to themselves. Core trait: selflessness and loyalty. The Rebel  – Challenges authority, breaks rules, and disrupts the status quo. The Rebel seeks freedom or justice, often driven by anger, trauma, or idealism. Core trait: defiance and a desire for change. The Trickster  – Clever, chaotic, and unpredictable, the Trickster uses wit, deception, or humor to manipulate or reveal hidden truths. Core trait: cleverness and disruption. The Lover  – Driven by connection, passion, and devotion, the Lover seeks meaningful relationships—romantic or otherwise—and fears isolation or loss. Core trait: emotional depth and desire for intimacy. The Outsider  – Doesn’t fit into their world and often exists on the margins of society. The Outsider is observant, independent, and sometimes alienated—but offers unique insight. Core trait: isolation and perspective. The Mentor  – A guiding figure who offers wisdom, protection, or training to others. Often experienced, world-weary, or nearing the end of their own journey. Core trait: wisdom and guidance. A well-used archetype feels familiar but fresh. It connects to universal storytelling but still makes room for surprise and individuality. Exercise: Pick an archetype and write a scene where they behave in an unexpected way. Backstory: The Emotional Core Backstory isn’t about pages of exposition—it’s about subtly weaving emotional cause and effect. It’s the emotional architecture of your character. Their past holds the soul scars  that quietly dictate how they love, fear, grieve, trust, dream, or run. Because it’s not just about what happened—it’s about how it shaped them. Use backstory to inform behavior, shape motivation, and deepen stakes. Remember, your character’s past isn't just filler—it’s the emotional soil they’re growing from. Ask Yourself: What are the defining moments that shaped them? What belief did they adopt to survive? What childhood beliefs or experiences still affect them? What moment fractured their sense of self? What memory do they try to bury? What memory keeps them going? Remember: Readers don’t need to know everything. But  you  should. The more you understand where your character came from, the more grounded and believable their actions will be. In the next lesson, we’ll go even deeper into this terrain, exploring how trauma, core wounds, and unmet needs create the emotional logic  that drives everything your character does. Desires, Fears & Contradictions Desires and fears don’t just sit side by side—they tangle . What your character wants most often threatens what they fear most. The more they chase their goal, the more likely they are to run into the very thing they’re avoiding. This is where contradiction  lives: the hero who fears failure but self-sabotages success, the rebel who craves belonging but pushes people away. These inner tensions are the soul of character-driven fiction. In Lesson V , we’ll look at where these conflicting forces come from—and how they’re often born of unhealed wounds. Things To Keep In Mind While Creating Characters: Desire:  What do they think they want—and why do they want it? Fear:  What are they running from emotionally, physically, or spiritually? Contradictions:  Where are they at odds with themselves? Characters who want something desperately but are terrified of getting it? That’s juicy. Contradictions make characters feel alive—and set up emotional stakes for growth. Even the most heroic character should struggle with fear, doubt, or internal sabotage. Those layered emotions create a compelling inner journey. Physicality & Presence Your character’s body speaks before their words do. A clenched jaw, a worn-down heel, an untouched plate of food—all of it tells us who they are. Physical presence can project dominance or disappear into silence. Their posture might carry pride—or the weight of shame. Don’t just describe what they look like. Show how their body holds memory. Where do they carry stress? How do they shrink themselves? When do they lean forward with hunger or hesitate with fear?  Physicality gives you a secret language to show emotion without saying a word. How your character exists in their body tells the reader a lot: How do they walk, speak, gesture? Do they dominate or disappear? What are their physical habits—eye contact, nervous tics, posture? Clothing, grooming, accessories: do they express or mask something? Body language is a form of subtext. The confident politician might wring their hands when no one’s looking. The hardened assassin might touch a token from their childhood. These details create authenticity, and they’re a great way to show rather than tell. You can show a character’s confidence, exhaustion, rage, or insecurity before they say a single word. Physicality becomes voice—and presence becomes mood. Voice & Dialogue Dialogue is character. Every line should express voice, worldview, and emotional state. Consider what your character won’t say as much as what they will. Silence can be just as revealing as speech. Remember, voice isn’t just how  a character speaks—it’s how they see the world . What words do they choose? What do they never say? A character raised in a strict household might speak with precision and apology; a streetwise survivor might cut to the chase with slang and grit. Dialogue is where belief systems leak out—through avoidance, sarcasm, repetition, or silence. Don’t just focus on clever lines. Let your dialogue reveal wounds, identities, and power dynamics. Let your characters interrupt, ramble, evade, confess. Let them lie. Real people don’t speak in perfect prose—your characters shouldn’t either. Things To Consider: Tone, rhythm, vocabulary: Where are they from? How educated are they? Are they guarded or impulsive? What do they say vs. what they mean? Character Introduction Techniques The first time we meet your character should tell us something essential— even if they don’t know it yet.  Show us a contradiction: someone confident in a moment of doubt, or someone overlooked doing something extraordinary. You don’t need a flashy action scene—what matters is emotional context. Let the first impression plant a question in the reader’s mind. Why did they do that? What are they hiding?  That curiosity is what creates instant emotional investment. Things To Keep In Mind: First impressions matter—how and when you introduce your protagonist sets the tone. Use action, contrast, or mystery to immediately hook the reader. Show something unique or emotionally resonant about them. An unforgettable character introduction doesn’t need to be dramatic. It needs to be revealing. Even quiet scenes can leave a lasting impression. What does your character do the first time we meet them? What choice do they make—or fail to make? Relationship Mirrors & Foils Every relationship your protagonist has should reveal something  about them. Mirrors show what your character can’t yet see—foils show what they could  become if they made different choices. Think: the rule-follower paired with the rebel, the idealist paired with the cynic. These pairings reflect values, fears, and temptations. A foil can expose the worst in your character—or challenge them to grow. A mirror can help them see themselves clearly… or shatter their illusion. These dynamics create emotional stakes beyond plot . Quick Definition: Mirrors: Characters who reflect or echo aspects of the protagonist Foils: Characters who contrast to highlight flaws, strengths, or choices Relationships aren’t just side plots. They’re pressure points. They expose hypocrisy, heal trauma, complicate motives, or fuel change. Don’t just build a protagonist—build the people who shape them. Think about who your character loves, hates, envies, or needs. These dynamics offer endless material for development and emotional payoff. Character in Conflict Conflict isn’t just about obstacle—it’s about exposure . Pressure strips away performance. When your character is forced to make a choice, it reveals what they truly value. Will they protect themselves or someone else? Fight or freeze? Conflict forces your character to confront the gap between who they think  they are and who they actually  are. These are the crucible moments where real growth begins—or unraveling takes root. And in Lesson V, we’ll dig into the subconscious why  behind those reactions. Things To Keep In Mind: What breaks your protagonist’s mask? How do they react under pressure? Who do they become? Use external events to reveal internal truths. Throw your character into a situation that forces them to act outside their comfort zone. Let their choices tell us who they are, not just their words. Stress, danger, heartbreak—these are moments when your character’s truth leaks out. Don’t protect your protagonist from pain—use it to peel back their layers. Torture the f*ckers like the sadistic writer you are. Case Study: Aelin Galathynius from  Throne of Glass Now that we've gotten this far, let’s bring these ideas to life with a character who embodies complexity, contradiction, and emotional evolution. Case studies can help illustrate how layered characterization unfolds across a story. One powerful example comes from Sarah J. Maas’s Throne of Glass  series. Understanding the Four Selves—Social, Personal, Core, and Hidden—can help you craft multidimensional characters. Each layer reveals a different facet of your protagonist, and the tension between them drives internal conflict. When these identities clash or shift, your character grows—and your story deepens. Aelin Galathynius Character Deep-Dive Wants:  Freedom, revenge, and control over her destiny. Needs:  Vulnerability, trust, and acceptance of her identity. Contradictions:  A powerful assassin who hides deep emotional wounds; proud and guarded, yet self-sacrificing and fiercely loyal. Voice:  Bold, sarcastic, confident—often masking pain or uncertainty. Four Selves: Social: Fearless assassin and queen-in-hiding. Personal: Lonely, angry, burdened by loss. Core: Protective, passionate, and unwilling to break her promises. Hidden: A young girl who fears being unloved or unworthy of her crown. Aelin’s arc is about more than reclaiming a throne—it’s about reconciling the parts of herself she tried to bury. Her struggle with identity, loss, and self-worth creates emotional stakes as high as the political ones. Her resilience and defiance make her unforgettable—but it’s her moments of vulnerability that give her story its heart. Scene Breakdown: Aelin in  Heir of Fire One of the most emotionally pivotal scenes in the series comes when Aelin trains with Rowan in  Heir of Fire , finally breaking down and revealing the full depth of her grief over Nehemia’s death. For chapters, she lashes out and fights emotionally and physically. But in this moment, when her emotional dam finally breaks, we see the hidden self—a young woman wracked with guilt, trauma, and a desperate desire for forgiveness and healing. This scene marks a turning point in her arc. Vulnerability becomes strength, and it deepens her bond with Rowan. It also reframes the reader’s understanding of her earlier anger and aloofness, transforming her from a fierce fighter into a fully realized, emotionally layered character. Her internal growth mirrors her external training and lays the foundation for the queen she is becoming. Case Study: Frodo Baggins from  The Lord of the Rings Let’s look at another well-known and beloved character who also embodies complexity and emotional evolution: Frodo Baggins from The Lord of The Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. Frodo Baggins Character Deep-Dive Wants:  To return home and live a peaceful, simple life. Needs:  To find courage, endurance, and spiritual strength beyond his comfort zone. Contradictions:  Humble and reluctant, yet chosen to carry immense responsibility; loyal but tempted by power. Voice:  Thoughtful, quiet, and sincere—often conflicted by burden and duty. Four Selves: Social: The Shire’s gentle hobbit. Personal: A fearful but determined soul unsure of his ability to succeed. Core: Deeply loyal, self-sacrificing, and morally grounded. Hidden: A growing sense of inner darkness and the slow corruption of the Ring’s power. Frodo’s arc isn’t about conquering others—it’s about  enduring suffering  without losing himself. His resistance to the Ring’s power, especially as it begins to fracture his spirit, shows how internal and external conflict work in tandem. His quiet bravery lies not in grand speeches or sword fights, but in persistence, compassion, and emotional weight. Scene Breakdown: Frodo at Mount Doom In the final moments at Mount Doom, Frodo stands on the precipice—literally and spiritually. Instead of destroying the Ring, he claims it. This heartbreaking moment reveals how the Ring has gnawed at his Hidden Self and how even the most virtuous heart can be worn down by prolonged trauma. His choice—and Gollum’s intervention—reminds us that  the core of a character arc can be tragic and unresolved , and yet still meaningful. Case Study: Arya Stark from  A Game of Thrones Another icon character to study is Arya Stark from A Game of Thrones : Arya Stark Character Deep-Dive Wants:  Revenge, justice, and survival. Needs:  To rediscover her identity, rebuild connection, and reclaim humanity. Contradictions:  Cold and detached assassin with a strong moral compass; craves freedom but longs for family. Voice:  Blunt, guarded, and observant—always reading others and staying sharp. Four Selves: Social: Faceless killer, water dancer, Stark girl in disguise. Personal: A lonely child desperate to avenge her family. Core: Resilient, empathetic, and fiercely loyal to her own code of justice. Hidden: A traumatized girl afraid she’s lost herself beyond repair. Arya’s journey is a study in  identity fragmentation . Her training to become “no one” is, ironically, what forces her to decide who she truly is. Her story is full of reinvention, withdrawal, and hard-won emotional reawakening. Scene Breakdown: Arya Rejects the Faceless Men When Arya refuses to kill the actress Lady Crane in Season 6, she draws a line: she is not a mindless killer. This choice reclaims her  Core Self , even if it puts her life at risk. She begins as a girl shaped by vengeance but ends as someone who can make space for softness, honor, and personal truth. Her arc teaches us that reclaiming identity can be just as powerful as transformation. Writing Exercise: Character Questionnaire Flesh out your protagonist using the questions below, which draw from multiple levels of their identity, psychology, and past. These are the exact questions I use when fleshing out my own characters—designed to help you create someone emotionally real, richly layered, and compelling enough to carry an entire story. Whether you’re planning a standalone novel or a sprawling series, this is where your character’s depth begins. Blank Character Sheet Questionnaire Sign up for my newsletter and get instant access to a free downloadable version of this Character Questionnaire—perfect for your next story or series! INSERT YOUR CHARACTER'S PORTRAIT HERE Basics Full Name: Nicknames: Age: Occupation: Current Home: Situation: How do they enter this story? Motivation: What do they want? Favorite Quote/Saying/Thing To Say: Biggest Strength Biggest Issue? Strongest Trait: Misbelief: What is their misbelief about the world or themselves? Behavior Personality: Habits: Ambitions/Short & Long Term Goals: Ambition Short Term Goal(s) Long-Term Goal(s) What are they dissatisfied with in their life? What do they believe will bring them true happiness and contentment? What definitive step could they take to turn their dream into a reality How has their fear kept them from taking this action already? How do they feel they can accomplish their goal while still steering clear of the the thing their afraid of? What do they want? What stands in their way? What happens went hey don’t get it? Greatest Fear(s): Phobias: Biggest Secret(s): Social Skills: Interior Talents: Background Home: Important History: Family:   Friends, Acquaintances, & Colleagues: Finances: Education: Physical Health & Mental Health: Religion: Romantic/Sexual Preference: Interest & Hobbies: Appearance & Physicality Height Body Type Skin Tone/Ethnicity/Species Hair: Facial Description: Prominent/Distinguishing Features: Dress: Mannerism: Physical Talents: Speech Normal Tone: Language or Accent: Favorite Phrases: Filled-Out Example Character Sheet Questionnaire BADASS PHOTO OF ARYA HERE Basics Full Name:  Arya Stark Nicknames:  Arry, No One, Little Wolf Age:  9 (start of story) – 18 (end of series) Occupation:  Former noble → assassin-in-training → warrior Current Home:  Nomadic; returns to Winterfell Situation:  She enters the story as a tomboyish noble girl who rejects traditional gender roles and expectations of being “a lady.” Motivation:  Initially, revenge. Ultimately, freedom and self-definition. Favorite Quote/Saying/Thing To Say:  “A girl has no name.” Biggest Strength:  Resourcefulness and adaptability Biggest Issue:  Emotional detachment and suppressed trauma Strongest Trait:  Fierce independence Misbelief:   To survive, I must become emotionless and alone. Behavior Personality:  Blunt, observant, independent, calculating; guarded but deeply loyal beneath the surface Habits:  Sleeps with a weapon, scans every room for exits, rarely speaks unless necessary Ambitions/Short & Long Term Goals: Short-Term:  Avenge her family & complete her kill list Long-Term:  Discover who she is beyond vengeance & reclaim her identity and purpose beyond violence What are they dissatisfied with in their life?  The chaos, injustice, and lack of control she’s endured since childhood What do they believe will bring them true happiness and contentment?  Finishing her list—or finding a place where she belongs again What definitive step could they take to turn their dream into a reality?  Let go of the list, return home, and reconnect with her remaining family How has their fear kept them from taking this action already?  She fears that connection makes her weak, and that letting go means losing her edge How do they feel they can accomplish their goal while still steering clear of the thing they’re afraid of?  By staying emotionally distant and telling herself she’s “no one” What do they want?  Control, revenge, closure What stands in their way?  Her own internal conflict and repressed trauma What happens when they don’t get it?  She risks becoming truly hollow, emotionally numb, and disconnected from her humanity Greatest Fear(s):  Losing herself completely / not being able to return to who she was Phobias:  Powerlessness and being confined Biggest Secret(s):  Sometimes she enjoys the kill; she doesn’t know who she is without vengeance Social Skills:  Witty when she chooses to be, but often guarded and quiet Interior Talents:  High emotional intelligence, strategy, memory for detail Background Home:  Winterfell, House Stark Important History:  Saw her father beheaded; witnessed family and allies fall one by one; trained with Faceless Men in Braavos Family:  Closest to Jon, deeply affected by her father Ned’s honor; conflicted but loyal to Sansa Friends, Acquaintances, & Colleagues:  Gendry, The Hound, Jaqen H’ghar, Lady Crane Finances:  Varied—grew up noble but lived as a beggar, a thief, and an assassin Education:  Trained in swordsmanship, languages, poisons, stealth, theater, and death Physical Health & Mental Health:  Physically agile and strong; mentally resilient but emotionally fractured Religion:  Old Gods / a vague belief in justice and death as a force Romantic/Sexual Preference:  Hinted attraction to Gendry, but largely emotionally withdrawn and guarded Interests & Hobbies:  Swordplay, spying, disguise, stories of warrior women Appearance & Physicality Height:  Short Body Type:  Slim, wiry, agile Skin Tone/Ethnicity/Species:  Pale skin, Northern Westerosi (white human) Hair:  Dark brown, often cropped or hidden Facial Description:  Sharp, intense eyes, lean features, a hardened expression Prominent/Distinguishing Features:  Stillness, intensity, presence beyond her size Dress:  Simple, practical, often in disguise or dark colors Mannerism:  Still, quiet; always alert; stares long and hard before speaking Physical Talents:  Stealth, agility, swordsmanship, endurance, pain tolerance Speech Normal Tone:  Low, blunt, often cold or dry Language or Accent:  Northern accent, flattened from time abroad Favorite Phrases:  “Stick them with the pointy end.” / “A girl has no name.” It's totally okay if you can't fill it out completely at the start! Use what is only most necessary for you and your story. As you discover more of your story, the character will tell you more and more about themself. Challenge yourself to answer each question in the character’s voice—not yours. You don’t need to include every detail in your story, but  knowing  these details will add depth and consistency to how your character shows up on the page. Reflective Prompt: What do you love most about your protagonist—and what scares you about writing them? Take a moment to journal about the emotional connection you have to your character. What parts of you do they reflect? What parts of you do they challenge? Do they force you to face something uncomfortable? That’s usually a sign you’re writing something powerful. Common Mistakes in Character Creation One of the most common pitfalls is creating a character who feels too perfect, too passive, or too plot-serving. Too Mary Sue. Characters without flaws, contradictions, or personal stakes often fall flat—even if they’re doing exciting things. Another mistake is confusing backstory for depth; dumping facts isn’t the same as showing emotional truth. Great characters aren’t built on aesthetics or archetypes alone—they’re shaped by inner conflict, active choices, and the consequences of who they are. 1. The Character Exists to Serve the Plot The Problem:  Your character only reacts to external events without clear internal motivations. Avoid It:  Build the character  first—what they want, fear, and believe. Fix It:  Rework scenes so their choices drive  events, even when they fail or backfire. 2. Too Perfect, Too Passive, or Too Flat The Problem:  The character lacks flaws, contradictions, or emotional texture. Avoid It:  Start with a wound  or fear , not just goals and traits. Fix It:  Add a contradiction—something they do that undermines what they say or believe. 3. Backstory Overload The Problem:  You’re dumping backstory in the first chapter—or relying on it for emotional depth. Avoid It:  Know the backstory, but reveal it slowly  through character choices and emotional moments. Fix It:  Use dialogue, symbolism, or subtle flashbacks to reveal only what’s emotionally relevant in the moment. 4. Voice Doesn’t Match Personality The Problem:  Every character sounds the same—or doesn’t sound like the person you’ve described. Avoid It:  Think about education level, emotional tone, and worldview when writing dialogue. Fix It:  Read dialogue aloud. Does it sound like them ? Adjust rhythm, vocabulary, and silence as needed. 5. Static or Rushed Arc The Problem:  Your character changes too quickly—or not at all. Avoid It:  Character change should be earned  through struggle, resistance, and turning points. Fix It:  Identify 3–4 emotional milestones in the arc. Rewrite scenes to build naturally toward them. 6. No Emotional Stakes The Problem:  We know what they’re doing, but not why it matters  to them. Avoid It:  Link external goals to internal needs, fears, or memories. Fix It:  Ask: What emotional risk are they taking in this scene?  Add pressure, doubt, or vulnerability. Further Reading  & Writing Resources Want to dive deeper? These resources expand on today’s lesson and help you apply what you’ve learned: What Your Character Thinks They Want vs. What They Actually Need  – Dive deeper into the emotional tension between desire and need. This post unpacks how this dynamic drives character arcs and adds weight to internal conflict. Mastering Dialogue In 3 Easy Steps  – Learn how to make your characters sound real,   distinct,  and emotionally alive . This guide breaks down voice, subtext, and rhythm with actionable tips. POV 101: Understanding Narrative Perspectives in Storytelling  – Explore how different points of view shape storytelling—and how choosing the right POV can enhance character depth and emotional connection. Writing Exercise & Homework You've just built the foundation of your protagonist—now it's time to bring them to life. Using the character you've created with the questionnaire, write a scene (500–1000 words) that introduces them in a way that reveals their personality, flaws, and inner conflict without telling the reader directly. Focus on voice, physical presence, and how they interact with the world. Bonus:  Include a moment of internal contradiction—a choice they make that goes against what they say they believe. Concluding Thoughts Creating a compelling protagonist is more than filling out traits or backstory—it's about shaping a living, breathing lens through which your story is told. When your character has contradictions, agency, and emotional truth, everything else in your story has the chance to resonate more deeply. Give them depth, challenge them, and let them surprise you. That’s where the magic is. Next Steps In the next lesson, we’ll explore  The Psychology of Character —what drives your protagonist, what wounds they carry, and how understanding psychology deepens character arcs and emotional payoff. Carpe scripturam! —Bair✍︎ 🔜 Next Up: Lesson V – The Psychology of Character: How To Write Believable Characters Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! 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Why Conflict is the Heart of Storytelling Every compelling story is built on  conflict —without it, there’s no tension, no stakes, and no reason for readers to stay invested. Conflict challenges characters, forces them to grow, and gives a story momentum. It's not just about plot twists or obstacles—conflict is what reveals a character’s true nature. It pushes them to make difficult choices, take risks, and confront their own flaws and fears. Conflict is the driving force that gives a story purpose. It creates the emotional highs and lows that keep readers engaged, breathlessly flipping through pages to see what happens next. Without conflict, even the most beautifully written story can feel static or lifeless. But with strong, intentional conflict—especially when both internal and external forces are at play—a story can become rich, gripping, and unforgettable. Understanding  internal vs. external conflict  is essential for writers who want to build stories with depth and emotional resonance. By learning how these forces interact, you'll be able to layer your storytelling with complexity and tension, crafting narratives that speak to the heart of the human experience. resonant narratives that keep readers engaged. External Conflict: The Obstacles Outside the Character What is External Conflict? External conflict arises from outside forces preventing a character from achieving their goal. These forces create immediate, visible obstacles that drive the plot forward. Types of External Conflict: Character vs. Character:  Rivalries, antagonists, power struggles (ex: Harry vs. Voldemort in Harry Potter). Character vs. Society:  Oppression, rebellion, unjust systems (ex: Katniss vs. The Capitol in The Hunger Games). Character vs. Nature:  Survival against the elements (ex: Mark Watney vs. Mars in The Martian). Character vs. Fate/Supernatural:  Gods, prophecy, destiny (ex: Achilles vs. his fate in The Iliad). Character vs. Technology:  AI, cybernetic threats (ex: The resistance vs. Skynet in Terminator). Why External Conflict Matters: Creates plot momentum—it’s what keeps things happening in a story. Provides clear stakes—the audience knows what’s at risk. Forces characters to act, revealing who they are through their choic es. Mini Exercise:  Identify a story where the external conflict is clear. What makes it compelling? Internal Conflict: The Battle Within What is Internal Conflict? Internal conflict is the emotional, psychological, or moral struggle within a character. It’s what makes a character feel real, relatable, and emotionally compelling. Types of Internal Conflict: Doubt & Fear:  Can the character overcome self-doubt? (ex: Frodo’s fear of the Ring’s power in The Lord of the Rings). Moral Dilemmas:  Right vs. wrong, duty vs. desire (ex: Hamlet’s indecision in Hamlet). Identity Crisis:  Who am I really? (ex: Mulan struggling with her identity in Mulan). Repressed Emotions:  Running from grief, love, or guilt (ex: The Mandalorian’s fear of connection in The Mandalorian). Why Internal Conflict Matters: It makes characters multidimensional—real people have inner struggles. Deepens reader investment by making the audience emotionally connected. It allows for meaningful character growth—overcom ing internal struggles is often the real “win” in a story. Mini Exercise:  Think of a character you love—what’s their  internal  struggle? Balancing Internal & External Conflict Character-Driven vs. Plot-Driven Stories One way to understand the role of conflict in storytelling is to consider whether your story is  character-driven  or  plot-driven —or both . Character-driven stories focus on the protagonist’s internal world: their emotions, struggles, relationships, and growth. The external events exist primarily to serve the character's inner journey. (Ex: Normal People, The Catcher in the Rye) Plot-driven stories emphasize external events and actions. The pacing is fast, the stakes are high, and the plot often drives the characters’ choices more than their internal states. ( Ex: The Da Vinci Code, Jurassic Park ) Most stories exist somewhere in between. Knowing which side your story leans toward can help you emphasize the right kind of conflict. How to Balance Internal & External Stakes To create emotionally satisfying and engaging stories, it’s essential to balance  internal and external stakes : Ask yourself:  What does my character want? What’s stopping them? What do they fear? External stakes often involve danger, time limits, social consequences, or survival. Internal stakes are emotional : fear of failure, loss of identity, the weight of regret, or longing for love. If the character fails, what will they lose on the outside —and what will it cost them on the inside ? Mini Exercise:  Pick one of your favorite books or movies. Identify the  internal conflict , the  external conflict , and how they intertwine. Do the internal and external stakes rise together? How Internal & External Conflict Work Together The most powerful stories blend both internal and external conflict. A well-crafted story ensures that what happens externally impacts the internal journey, and vic e versa. Examples of Conflict Blending: The Hunger Games:  Katniss battles  external  threats (The Capitol, survival) while facing  internal  struggles (guilt, trauma, emotional repression). Spider-Man:  Peter Parker must fight  external  villains while wrestling with  internal  struggles about responsibility and identity. Pride and Prejudice:  Elizabeth Bennet’s  external  conflict (society’s expectations) mirrors her  internal  conflict (overcoming pride and prejudice to find love). Tips for Strong Conflict Balance: Link them together:  The external conflict should force the character to confront their internal struggle. Escalate both at once:  As the stakes in the external conflict rise, the internal conflict should intensify as well. Make the resolution meaningful:  The story climax should resolve both external and internal conflicts for a satisfying ending. Mini Exercise:  Brainstorm a story idea where both  internal & external  conflicts are intertwined. Conflict Evolves Over Time Conflict shouldn’t remain static. A compelling story allows both internal and external conflicts to grow, twist, or even reverse as the protagonist changes. What starts as a fear of failure might become a fear of success. An external threat might turn into a personal betrayal. These shifts add tension and depth, keeping the reader invested in how the character will adapt—or fall apart—under pressure. Let your conflict breathe and transform as your story unfolds. Common Conflict Mistakes to Watch For Even the most promising story ideas can fall flat if the conflict isn’t handled with care. A common mistake is keeping the conflict too surface-level—where external obstacles exist, but don’t challenge the character emotionally. Or the internal struggle is stated once and never truly explored or shown through action. Some stories resolve plot events in the climax but leave the emotional arc incomplete, which can make the resolution feel hollow. Strong storytelling requires conflict that’s meaningful, layered, and fully resolved on both levels. Looking Ahead: Connecting to Character Motivation Internal conflict often stems from deeper drives: unmet needs, core wounds, past traumas, or conflicting desires. These roots are explored in more depth in  Lesson V: The Psychology of Character . For now, keep in mind that every strong internal conflict is powered by something your character  wants … and something they fear they’ll never get. Reflective Prompt: What personal internal or external conflict have  you  faced in your life—and how might that shape a story worth telling? Example Response to Reflective Prompt: When I was a teenager, I struggled with perfectionism. Externally, this looked like overachieving in school and saying “yes” to everything. Internally, though, I was constantly afraid of failure and convinced that my worth depended on being the best. If I were to turn that into a story, I might write a character who’s offered their dream opportunity—but only if they betray their values or hurt someone they care about. The external conflict (career vs. relationships) would mirror their internal one (worth vs. self-compassion), creating a layered, emotional arc rooted in something deeply personal. Further Reading & Writing Resources Want to dive deeper? These resources expand on today’s lesson and help you apply what you’ve learned: The War Within vs. The Battle Outside  – Want a more thorough understanding of internal vs external conflict? This blog post goes even further into unpacking the key differences between internal and external conflict, offering powerful in-depth examples and insight into why both are essential to crafting a compelling narrative. Story vs. Plot: The Heart & Bones of Your Novel  – Discover how plot (what happens) and story (why it matters emotionally) work together and understand how to structure your novel by distinguishing the emotional journey from the external events. This post will help you create stories that not only entertain but resonate on a deeper level. Scene Cards for Internal & External Conflict  – A practical tool designed to help you plan and track the emotional and plot-based progression of each scene. Use these cards to ensure every moment pushes your character forward—both internally and externally. Writing Exercises Now that you have a basic understanding of how internal and external conflicts shape character journeys and drive story momentum, it’s time to apply what you’ve learned. The following exercises will help you explore conflict in your own storytelling and deepen your characters’ struggles on the page. Exercise #1: Analyze Your Favorites Pick a favorite book or movie. What is the protagonist’s external conflict? What is their internal conflict? How do these two conflicts influence each other? Bonus:  Identify a moment when the internal and external conflict collide. Exercise #2: Internal vs. External: Split a Character’s Arc Choose or create a character and complete the following: Goal:  What do they want? (External conflict) Flaw or Fear:  What holds them back emotionally? (Internal conflict) Obstacle:  What outside force prevents them from getting what they want? Climax Moment:  When the internal and external conflict must be faced at once. Exercise #3: Write a Scene of Conflict (300–500 words) Write a scene in which your character is: Facing an external challenge (e.g., an argument, a chase, a deadline) Simultaneously struggling with an internal issue (e.g., fear, guilt, insecurity) Focus on how the inner turmoil influences their choices or reactions. Exercise #4: Turn an External Problem Inward Take one of the following external conflict scenarios and rewrite it to center on an internal conflict: A soldier caught behind enemy lines A student failing their final exam A hero discovering they’ve been betrayed How can you shift the focus to what’s happening inside the character—emotionally, morally, or psychologically? Exercise #5: Map the Conflict Arc Draw or list the progression of conflict in a story idea or WIP: Inciting Incident:  What kicks off the external conflict? Emotional Disruption:  How does this create internal conflict? Rising Action:  How do both escalate side-by-side? Climax:  When are both resolved or confronted? Aftermath:  How has the character changed emotio nally? Concluding Thoughts Conflict is the engine of storytelling—without it, there’s no reason for a reader to keep turning pages. A well-balanced blend of internal and external conflict creates depth, tension, and emotional stakes that keep readers engaged. Chall enge: Write a scene where a character’s internal conflict clashes with an external one. How does their inner struggle affect th eir choices in the face of an external obstacle? Next Steps: Use conflict to  increase stakes , tension , and emotional payoff  in your writing. Let the friction between internal and external pressures shape how your character evolves—and how the story unfolds. In the next lesson, we’ll turn our focus to  character creation. Because no matter how perfectly structured your scenes are, they won’t matter without a protagonist worth following. We’ll explore how to shape the lens through which your character views the world—a lens that becomes the very foundation of your story. Carpe scripturam! —Bair✍︎ 🔜  Next Up: Lesson IV – Character Creation: Bringing Your Protagonist (Therefore Your Story) To Life Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

Why Genre & Story Type Matter Every story fits into a  genre , whether it's filled with magic, unraveling mysteries, or exploring the human condition. Understanding genre helps writers create stronger narratives, meet reader expectations, and refine their unique voice in storytelling. But genre is only part of the equation—stories also follow archetypal structures that have existed for centuries. Knowing these patterns can help you shape your ideas into compelling narratives while also finding ways to twist and subvert expectations. Many aspiring writers struggle to choose a genre or worry about being confined to one. The truth is, genre is a tool, not a restriction. It provides a  framework  but doesn’t dictate the creativity within it. A strong grasp of genre allows you to understand the kind of stories you want to tell and how to tell them in a way that resonates with readers. Choosing a genre can also help establish your  writing identity . Readers come to expect certain themes and tones from an author’s work, and while it’s completely fine to experiment, having a strong genre foundation can create a sense of familiarity and anticipation in your audience. Even multi-genre authors often have signature elements that tie their works together. In this lesson, we’ll break down major fiction genres, classic story structures, and how to blend and break the rules of storytelling. By the end, you’ll have a clearer understanding of where your writing fits—and how to make it stand out. Overview of Major Fiction Genres, Story Structure & Reader Expectations Genre choice impacts not only the themes and tone of a story but also its  structure and pacing . Different genres have different expectations for how a story unfolds, how tension is built, and how conflicts are resolved. Understanding these structural differences can help you craft a more engaging narrative that meets reader expectations while allowing room for creativity. How Genre Affects Story Structure Fantasy & Science Fiction  – Often follows an  epic journey  structure with a hero facing trials, learning new skills, and ultimately confronting a major conflict. These stories tend to have detailed worldbuilding and may incorporate multi-book arcs. Mystery & Thriller  – Typically structured around  discovery and revelation , with key plot points leading to a climax where the mystery is solved . Twists and red herrings are essential. Romance  – Follows a  relationship-driven arc , often including a meet-cute, growing attraction, a moment of crisis, and a satisfying resolution (usually a happy ending). Horror  – Built on  escalating tension and fear , often using a slow build to an intense climax, with dread lingering throughout the story. Comedy  – Often has a  looser, more episodic structure , with humor driving the pacing and character interactions. Historical Fiction & Literary Fiction  – Focused on character exploration and thematic depth, often allowing for non-linear storytelling or multiple perspectives. How Genre Shapes Reader Expectations Readers come into a book with certain expectations based on genre. If you’re writing in a genre, it’s helpful to understand what readers  anticipate —and where you have room to surprise them. Fantasy Readers Expect:  Rich worldbuilding, magic systems, and hero’s journeys. Mystery Readers Expect:  Puzzles to solve, clues, and a logical resolution. Romance Readers Expect:  Emotional development, romantic tension, and a satisfying ending. Thriller Readers Expect:  Fast pacing, suspense, and life-or-death stakes. Horror Readers Expect:  A sense of unease, supernatural or psychological elements, and a chilling resolution. Science Fiction Readers Expect:  Thought-provoking speculation, futuristic technology, and exploration of “what if” scenarios. By understanding these expectations, you can  satisfy readers while still subverting tropes  to keep your story fresh and engaging. Mini Exercise:  Pick a genre that interests you and brainstorm a story premise that fits its typical structure. What elements will you include to meet reader expectations? How will you add your unique twist? There are countless subgenres, but most stories fall into a  core genre  that shapes the mood, themes, and style of storytelling. Below are some of the most common genres in fiction, along with key elements that define them and reader expectations: Fantasy  – Magic, myth, and otherworldly settings. (Examples: The Lord of the Rings, The Name of the Wind ) Readers expect mythology, supernatural forces, and immersive worldbuilding. High fantasy often includes epic adventures, while low fantasy integrates magic into everyday life. Subgenres include dark fantasy, portal fantasy, and fairytale retellings. Science Fiction  – Technology, space, futuristic speculation. (Examples:  Dune, The Left Hand of Darkness ) Readers look for scientific or technological elements and how they impact society. Hard sci-fi focuses on realistic scientific principles, while soft sci-fi is more speculative. Subgenres include cyberpunk, space opera, and dystopian fiction. Horror  – Fear, suspense, and the unknown. (Examples:  The Haunting of Hill House, Mexican Gothic ) Readers expect psychological tension, supernatural elements, or deeply unsettling themes. Horror can be atmospheric, psychological, or rely on monsters and supernatural threats. Subgenres include cosmic horror, body horror, and folk horror. Romance  – Love stories and emotional arcs. (Examples:  Pride and Prejudice, The Love Hypothesis ) Requires emotional depth and romantic tension. Readers expect a happy or hopeful ending—otherwise, it’s a tragedy or drama. Subgenres include historical romance, paranormal romance, and contemporary romance. Mystery & Thriller  – Crime-solving, suspense, and secrets. (Examples:  The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Gone Girl ) Mystery requires clear setups, clues, red herrings, and a resolution. Thrillers emphasize high stakes, action, and fast pacing. Subgenres include cozy mysteries, legal thrillers, and noir fiction. Historical Fiction  – Real-world settings with historical accuracy ( The Nightingale, Pachinko ) Readers expect well-researched settings, events, and cultural depth. Often blends fiction with real historical figures or events. Subgenres include alternate history, biographical fiction, and historical fantasy. Comedy  – Humor-driven narratives. ( Good Omens, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy ) Can range from satire to absurdist humor. Often paired with other genres (romantic comedy, fantasy comedy, etc.). Subgenres include dark comedy, slapstick, and farce. Literary Fiction  – Deep themes, character exploration, and prose-driven. ( The Goldfinch, Beloved ) Prioritizes  character development and thematic depth . Often defies traditional genre conventions. Subgenres include experimental fiction, philosophical fiction, and stream-of-consciousness narratives. Mini Exercise:  Look at your favorite book in a genre you want to write. Identify one expectation it follows and one way it subverts expectations. High vs. Low Genre Fiction: All Stories Matter Writers sometimes feel pressured to write “serious” literary fiction when they love genre fiction. The truth?  All storytelling has value. High Genre Fiction:  Often literary, experimental, or theme-driven ( The Goldfinch, Beloved ).  Low Genre Fiction: Popular fiction designed for broad appeal ( The Hunger Games, The Da Vinci Code ). Key Takeaway:  Every genre has depth and meaning. What matters is how well a story is told . Genre-Blending & Subverting Expectations Some examples of  genre-blending  include: Sci-Fi Fantasy  → ( Star Wars —a space opera with fantasy elements). Horror Comedy  → ( Shaun of the Dead —blending zombie horror with satire). Romantic Fantasy  → ( The Night Circus —a slow-burn romance in a magical setting). Mini Exercise:  Take two  opposite genres  and brainstorm a story premise that blends them. FAQ: Common Genre Myths & Concerns There are many misconceptions about genre writing that can discourage new writers or make them feel boxed in. Here are some of the most common myths and concerns—debunked. Myth #1: You Have to Stick to One Genre Forever Reality:  Many successful writers experiment with different genres. While branding yourself within a specific genre can help build an audience, it doesn’t mean you’re locked in forever. Some authors use different pen names for different genres, while others seamlessly transition between them over time. Myth #2: Literary Fiction is More Meaningful than Genre Fiction Reality:  Every genre has the potential for depth, complexity, and artistic merit. Genre fiction can explore profound themes, challenge societal norms, and offer rich, multi-layered narratives. The idea that only literary fiction is “serious” or “worthy” is outdated. Myth #3: Genre Fiction is Formulaic and Predictable Reality:  While genres have conventions and reader expectations, that doesn’t mean every story is the same. It’s up to the writer to bring fresh perspectives, unique twists, and compelling storytelling to make their work stand out. Myth #4: You Have to Be an Expert in a Genre Before Writing It Reality:  While familiarity with a genre helps, you don’t need to be an expert to start writing. Reading widely in your chosen genre can teach you the conventions, but experimentation and practice are the best ways to learn. Myth #5: Genre Writing is Easier Than Literary Writing Reality:  Writing well in any genre requires skill, creativity, and effort. Whether crafting an intricate mystery, an epic fantasy, or a gripping romance, all genres demand thoughtful storytelling, worldbuilding, and character development. Myth #6: Certain Genres Aren’t “Real” Writing Reality:  Some people dismiss genres like romance, horror, and fantasy as “lesser” forms of writing (the one about fantasy especially boils my blood). The truth is, these genres have rich histories, dedicated readerships, and incredible depth. Every genre is valid and valuable. Myth #7: You Should Write to Market Instead of Passion Reality:  Writing to market—choosing a genre solely based on its commercial success—can work, but writing something you  genuinely love  will always lead to more fulfilling storytelling. Passion often translates into better writing, which resonates with readers. Common Concerns Writers Have About Genre Concern: I don’t know what genre my story fits into. Solution:  That's okay! Many stories blend elements from multiple genres. Instead of worrying about perfect classification, focus on your  main themes and story beats . If needed, you can market your book with  two genres  (e.g., fantasy romance, sci-fi thriller). Concern: My story doesn’t follow all the “rules” of a genre. Solution:  That's also okay! Genres evolve  over time, and subverting expectations can make your story more interesting. Understanding the “rules” allows you to break them intentionally. Concern: What if my genre isn’t popular right now? Solution:  Trends shift constantly. A genre that’s less popular today may explode in popularity next year. If you love the genre, write it anyway—there will always be an audience. Concern: What if I want to write in multiple genres? Solution:  Many writers do! You can establish yourself in one genre first and then branch out, or you can create different pen names for different audiences. Writing cross-genre stories is also an option. Concern: Do I have to read every book in my genre before I write in it? Solution:  No, but  reading widely in your chosen genre helps. It gives you a sense of what’s been done, what readers enjoy, and how you can innovate within the genre. Q: Do I have to stick to just one genre? A:  Not at all! Many of today’s bestsellers blend genres. Q: What if I love multiple genres and can’t choose? A:  Try writing short stories in each genre to find what excites you most. Q: Is literary fiction superior to genre fiction? A:  No! Every genre has artistic merit. What matters is how well a story is told. Personal Reflection: My Favorite Genres & Story Types I've always been drawn to fantasy because of its limitless possibilities, but I also love weaving in mystery elements to keep readers guessing. The thrill of blending genres is where I feel most at home in storytelling. Sometimes I write stories that defy strict classification, embracing elements of fantasy, horror, and adventure all at once. The genres I love most reflect my deep curiosity about the unknown and my love for exploring human nature through imaginative storytelling. (What about you? What genres call to you the most?) Bonus Tip:  If you’re feeling stuck, try combining a random genre and story archetype. (Example: A “Voyage & Return” sci-fi mystery.) Concluding Thoughts: Embrace Experimentation Genres and story structures aren’t rules or restrictions—they’re tools . They provide a foundation, but the true magic of storytelling lies in how you shape them into something uniquely yours. Don’t be afraid to experiment.  Blend genres, break conventions, and push beyond expectations. The stories that stand out are the ones only you  can tell. Challenge: Write a short scene (300-500 words) in a genre you’ve never explored before. See what new creative doors it opens! Next Steps: Continue experimenting with different genres and archetypes to refine your storytelling voice . Pay attention to the structures and reader expectations within your chosen genre—then decide how to honor, twist, or completely subvert them. In the next lesson, we’ll explore Internal vs. External Conflict —the backbone of every great story. Carpe scripturam! —Bair✍︎ 🔜  Next Up: Lesson III – Internal vs. External Conflict Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

Introduction: Why Your "Why" Matters Writing isn’t just about putting words on a page—it’s about  what drives you to tell stories. Your motivation shapes the types of stories you tell and helps you stay inspired even when doubt creeps in. Knowing your  why  is what separates writers who write from those who  want  to write. It keeps you going when self-doubt, perfectionism, or writer’s block try to stop you. Think of your "why" as your "creative compass"—it points you in the direction of the stories you’re meant to tell. Without it, it’s easy to lose momentum or second-guess your work. But when you’re clear on why you write, you’ll find the confidence to push forward, even when the words don’t come easily. This lesson will help you uncover your personal creative why, explore how motivations evolve, and guide you through a reflective exercise to solidify your purpose as a writer. By the end, you’ll have a deeper understanding of what fuels your storytelling and how to harness it. My Personal Story: From Doodles to Dedication I’ve always been a storyteller. Before I could even write my ABCs, I would sneak into my mother’s purse, steal her notebooks, and draw in the back pages. Eventually, I learned to just ask her for her notebooks instead of take them (then she got me notebooks of my own), but regardless, since I couldn’t write words, I would dictate the stories to her and she would write down who the characters were, what they were doing, and what was happening in their world. As I got older, my love of drawing shifted into a love of daydreaming and, eventually, writing. It was in 5th grade when a classmate’s older sister came in for show-and-tell and proudly showed off the book she had published. I thought that was the most amazing thing ever! And I was immediately inspired to do the same. I started writing my own stories just for fun, but it wasn’t until middle school that I started considering creative writing—novel writing—as a potential career. When I was 14, I had a realization:  This is what I want to do for the rest of my life.   It was during that period when life starts shifting—when you start figuring out who you are and what you want. I loved how stories and books made me feel  seen , understood , and less alone —and I wanted to do the same for others. I wanted to write stories that also made people feel seen and understood, encouraged, and that would make an impact. Even though I have a “classic adult job,” writing is still my  first love —my passion, my dedication, and the thing I will always return to.   My  why  has changed over time. When I was younger, I wrote  because it was fun!  Now, my why has deepened to:  “Because stories matter. Storytelling is innately human, and I want to make an impact on the world.”  While my original why was about making people feel comforted, seen, and understood, it has now expanded to encompass exploring different perspectives, pushing boundaries, and even challenging the status quo. Takeaway:  Your why isn’t  static . It  grows as you do.  The way you approach storytelling today may evolve in the future, just as your own experiences and perspectives evolve. How My Why Has Helped Me Through Challenges While I haven't always depended on my "why" to keep me motivated to write, for writing comes so naturally now and is so thoroughly in my veins, that somehow, somewhere, at sometime, I always come back to it. But what has always helped me keep writing is knowing that if I am interested in my story, there is going to be someone else out there who will also find it interesting. There's always going to be someone out there who will read my novel and have it be there favorite book —who am I to deprave that person of their future favorite book? Writing has the power to heal and transform, to impact and change minds and souls. It can provide an escape when reality feels too heavy—not just to readers, but for writers too. But when I do struggle, in the moments where doubt, perfectionism, and imposter syndrome begin to paralyze me, I remember: storytelling is in my bones. I write because stories have the power to do such good. My why has become my anchor, reminding me that even when writing is hard, it's always worth it. Writers Whose “Why” Inspired Me Every writer has a why—an inner drive that compels them to create. Many of the writers I admire have shared their reasons for writing, and their words have left a lasting impact on me: Toni Morrison  wrote because the stories she wanted to read didn’t yet exist. She once said,  “If there's a book that you want to read, but it hasn’t been written yet, then you must write it.”   This has stuck with me since I first heard it. It's a fantastic reminder every writer has a unique voice and perspective that deserves to be shared. Octavia Butler  wrote because she believed in the power of science fiction to challenge societal norms and imagine new futures. She once said,  “You don’t start out writing good stuff. You start out writing crap and thinking it’s good stuff, and then gradually you get better at it.”  Her words remind me that writing is a journey of growth, persistence, and self-discovery. Brandon Sanderson  writes because he fell in love with fantasy as a child and wanted to build worlds that could inspire others. His dedication to storytelling reminds me that passion and persistence can turn dreams into reality. Common Writing Motivations: What’s Yours? Not every writer has the same motivation. Some people write for artistic expression, others for storytelling mastery, and some for activism, education, or connection. Here are some common reasons people write: For Fun & Escape  – You love getting lost in stories and creating new worlds. For Self-Expression  – Writing helps you explore thoughts, emotions, and creativity. To Educate & Inspire  – You want to share knowledge, challenge perspectives, or teach lessons. To Make People Feel Seen  – You want readers to find comfort, validation, or connection in your stories. To Change the World  – You believe storytelling has the power to influence culture, politics, and perspectives. To Explore New Ideas & Philosophies  – Writing is a way for you to challenge the status quo, push boundaries, and question everything. Exercise: Which ones resonate with you?  Pick 2-3 from the list. What drives your storytelling?  If your reason isn’t listed, write it down! Write a short paragraph  about why you think storytelling is important in the world today. How does it impact people? Find Your Why: Guided Exercise Grab a notebook or open a blank document. Answer these questions honestly: Step 1: Dig Into Your Writing Roots 1. When did you first start writing (or storytelling)? 2. What made you excited about telling stories when you were younger? 3. Did you ever tell stories when you were younger? Why or why not? Step 2: Explore What Drives You Today 4. What kinds of stories move you the most (books, movies, themes)? 5. What emotions, messages, or experiences do you want to capture in your writing? 6. What do you hope readers feel or take away from your stories? Step 3: Define Your Personal Why 7. In one or two sentences, summarize your why—why do you write? 8. Has your why evolved over time? How? 9. If you could only tell one story in your lifetime, what would it be about? Example Responses:   “I write because I want people to feel less alone. I want them to see themselves in my characters and find comfort in my stories.” “I write because storytelling is a way to explore different perspectives, challenge norms, and start conversations that matter.” "I want to start writing because I believe there are ideas worth exploring and I want to expose people to new perspectives and philosophies that encourage self-actualization." Next Steps: If You’re Still Searching for Your Why If you don’t feel like you’ve found your why yet, that’s okay! Sometimes, your why reveals itself through the act of writing itself. Here are a few steps to help you uncover it: Look back at your favorite books.  What do they all have in common? What emotions or themes resonate with you? Freewrite for 10 minutes  about why you love storytelling—don’t edit, just let the words flow. Talk to a fellow writer!  Sometimes, discussing your passion out loud can bring clarity. Write a letter to your younger self about why stories matter and what you wish you had known about writing earlier. Keep writing.  Your why doesn’t have to be perfect or profound—it just has to be  yours. Share Your Why & Commit to Writing! Now that you’ve found your why, let’s make it real! Post your why  somewhere you’ll see it often (journal, vision board, desktop wallpaper). Share your why  with someone you feel like you can confide in or with a writing friend (read here about why you should have writing friends). Commit to a writing goal!  Now that you know your why, what’s your next step? Concluding Thoughts: Your Why is Your Compass Finding your why is just the beginning. It will help guide you through the highs and lows of writing, helping you stay grounded when self-doubt or creative block creeps in. Remember, writing isn’t about perfection—it’s about discovery, growth, and connection. Whether you write for yourself, for others, or for the sheer joy of storytelling, your why is what keeps the words flowing. So embrace it, nurture it, and most importantly— keep writing. Your  why  will  keep you going  when writing feels hard. It’s okay if your why evolves! Writing is a journey, and your motivation will shift as you grow. The most important thing?  Just start writing. Bonus Tip:  Write a  manifesto  for your writing journey. What are your values as a writer? What impact do you want your stories to have? Drop your why in the comments or journal about it!  Let’s build a community of writers who are passionate about writing and their stories. :) Carpe scripturam! —Bair✍︎ 🔜  Next Up: Lesson II – Exploring Genres & Story Types Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

DISCLAIMER: There are some minor short story spoilers given in this blog post. Why Short Stories Matter (& Why You Should Write One) Let’s be honest—writing a whole novel can feel like trying to bake and eat an entire cake from scratch. It’s ambitious, time-consuming, and sometimes downright overwhelming. But if you’re craving a satisfying slice of storytelling without the multi-tiered commitment, a short story is the perfect dessert—small, rich, and just enough to leave a lasting impression. Short stories are a great way to challenge your writing abilities. They challenge you to pack emotion, conflict, and meaning into a fraction of the space, sharpening your storytelling skills along the way. Plus, if you’ve ever stared at a blank page wondering how to start a novel, a short story might be the  perfect place to begin. So, how does one write a short story that lingers in a reader’s mind long after they’ve finished? Let’s dive in. Table Of Contents What Is a Short Story? Different Lengths of Short Fiction Why You Should Write Short Stories In-Depth Plotting & Structuring Short Stories How To Write a Short Story Game-ify The Writing Process Common Short Story Mistakes Writing Exercises For Short Stories Concluding Thoughts What Is a Short Story? A short story is exactly what it sounds like—a complete story told in a limited number of words. Unlike a novel, which has the space to weave complex subplots and expansive character arcs, a short story hones in on a single moment, theme, or conflict. Every word must serve a purpose, and the best short stories leave a lasting impact in just a few pages. Short stories have been around for centuries—folktales, fables, and myths are some of the earliest examples. Oral storytelling traditions often relied on concise, engaging narratives that carried moral lessons or cultural significance. Over time, the short story evolved into a literary form that is both accessible and artistically challenging. Today, short fiction continues to thrive in literary magazines, anthologies, writing contests, and even digital platforms. From the tightly woven narratives of Edgar Allan Poe to the modern mastery of Alice Munro and Ted Chiang, short stories remain a powerful medium for storytelling. A well-crafted short story can deliver the emotional impact of a novel in just a few pages, often lingering in a reader’s mind long after they’ve finished it. Unlike novels, where subplots and extensive worldbuilding add layers to a narrative, short stories focus on efficiency and impact—every detail, every line of dialogue, and every scene must serve a purpose. Whether you want to experiment with new ideas, sharpen your craft, or explore storytelling in a bite-sized format, short stories provide a unique challenge and an incredible creative outlet. Different Lengths of Short Fiction Short fiction comes in many shapes and sizes, each with its own unique storytelling demands. Whether you’re crafting a 100-word flash fiction piece or a 9,000-word short story, the goal remains the same: tell a compelling, self-contained narrative. Flash fiction forces you to focus on a single moment or twist, while longer short stories allow for deeper character development and layered conflicts. Understanding the differences in length helps you determine the best format for the story you want to tell. WARNING: Not all short stories are created equal. Depending on length, different terms apply: Flash Fiction: 100-500 words – Short, sharp, and to the point. Often focuses on a single moment or twist. Short Story: 1,000 - <10,000 words – A compact story with room for character development and a structured arc. Novella: 10,000 - 40,000 words – A bridge between a short story and a novel, often following a single plotline. Novel: 50,000+ words – Fully developed story arcs, subplots, and worldbuilding. Want a Printable Guide? Download my "Story Length Cheatsheet" by signing-up for my (FREE) newsletter for easy reference! Learn more about how long your novel should be depending on whether or not you're writing a romance novel and fantasy book! Why You Should Write Short Stories Short stories aren’t just a stepping stone to writing novels—they are an art form in their own right. They teach you how to write with precision, create impact in fewer words, and develop characters quickly yet effectively. 1. Sharpen Your Craft Writing short stories forces you to be precise—no unnecessary fluff, no wasted words. You learn to craft strong characters, compelling plots, and impactful prose in a fraction of the space a novel allows. Because of their brevity, short stories demand focused storytelling, encouraging writers to refine their narrative skills while experimenting with style, voice, and theme. 2. Great for Publishing & Contests There are thousands of opportunities to publish short fiction. Literary magazines, anthologies, and online platforms regularly seek submissions. Writing contests also favor short fiction, making it a fantastic way to gain recognition. Additionally, many well-known authors have launched their careers through short fiction, using it as a stepping stone toward larger works. 3. A Creative Challenge Short fiction challenges you to tell a complete, satisfying story under tight constraints. Whether it’s flash fiction or a longer piece, working within boundaries enhances your creativity. How can you establish character, conflict, and resolution in just a few thousand words? Mastering this balance will make you a stronger storyteller, even in longer formats. 4. Builds Your Portfolio & Confidence A well-crafted short story can become a valuable addition to your writing portfolio—perfect for submitting to editors, agents, or self-publishing. Short fiction allows you to showcase your range as a writer while building confidence in your storytelling abilities. 5. Can Lead to Bigger Projects Many novels start as short stories! If you fall in love with an idea, expanding it into a longer work is always an option. Authors like Stephen King and Neil Gaiman often develop short stories into novellas or full-length novels, proving that short fiction can serve as a testing ground for bigger projects. Going More In-Depth on Plotting & Structuring Short Stories While short stories are brief, they still require strong structure and pacing to be effective. Unlike novels, which have room for subplots and multiple arcs, short fiction demands tight storytelling that focuses on a single, impactful moment. Whether you use the classic three-act structure, a twist ending, or a circular story, understanding how to build tension, escalate conflict, and deliver a satisfying resolution is key. Let’s break down different ways to structure your short story for maximum effect. 1. What Makes a Strong Short Story? Unlike novels, short stories have limited space to develop characters, establish conflict, and deliver resolution. Every element needs to be precise and meaningful. Here’s what a short story needs to succeed: A clear central conflict (internal or external) A distinct character voice (even if briefly developed) A tight structure (beginning, middle, & end in a small space) An impactful resolution (it doesn’t need to be happy—just satisfying) 2. The Classic Short Story Structure (Inspired by O’Connor & More) Short stories function like condensed narratives, following a mini three-act structure with a clear beginning, middle, and end. In a compact space, they introduce conflict quickly, escalate tension efficiently, and deliver a sharp resolution. Every moment must serve a purpose, ensuring the story feels complete despite its brevity. Act 1: The Setup (Beginning) Introduce the protagonist & setting as late as possible without confusion. Establish the core conflict or tension within the first 1-2 paragraphs. Don’t waste time on backstory—hint at it through dialogue or action. Example:   In A Good Man Is Hard to Find , Flannery O’Connor introduces the family’s road trip but quickly seeds foreshadowing about The Misfit—a looming threat that later becomes the central conflict. Writing Tip #1:  Start in medias res  (in the middle of the action) to engage readers immediately. Act 2: The Rising Conflict (Middle) Develop tension by forcing the character into choices that escalate stakes. Every sentence should serve a purpose—this is where brevity matters. Introduce foreshadowing or a mid-story twist to keep momentum. Example:   Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery  slowly reveals the unease in the town, leading to the shocking climax. The subtle tension makes the ending hit harder. Writing Tip #2:  If you’re writing a flash fiction piece, this is where your conflict should peak—you may only have one pivotal moment before the resolution. Read one my published flash fiction short story "Finding Home" here. Act 3: The Climax & Resolution (End) Deliver the emotional or thematic punch—the “aha” moment or gut-punch ending. Resolutions don’t have to be fully closed, but they should feel earned. The last line should linger in the reader’s mind. Example:   O’Connor often ends her stories abruptly—not with long explanations but with a powerful final image (like The Misfit’s chilling line in A Good Man Is Hard to Find ). Writing Tip #3:  Don’t over-explain. Let implication and subtext do the heavy lifting. 3. Different Approaches to Short Story Plotting As said before, not every short story sticks to a traditional structure—some break the mold to create unique effects. Whether it’s a twist ending, a circular narrative, or a story driven purely by character introspection, structure can be as flexible as the story demands. The key is ensuring that, no matter the format, the story feels intentional, cohesive, and emotionally resonant. Here are a few alternative approaches: The Snapshot (Character-Driven) Instead of focusing on plot twists, this approach explores a character’s emotional shift within a moment in time. Use this if your story revolves around a single transformative moment. Example:  Cathedral  by Raymond Carver—where a blind man teaches a narrator to “see” without eyesight. The Twist Ending (O. Henry Style) Everything builds toward a single surprising revelation at the end. Use if: You want to shock your reader in the final paragraph. Example:  The Gift of the Magi , where a husband and wife sell their most prized possessions to buy gifts for each other—rendering both gifts useless. The Circular Story (Ending Where It Began) My personal favorite ending to use in my novels, a circular story is when the protagonist returns to the same moment they started, but something has changed internally. Use this if: You want your reader to read between the lines rather than spell everything out. Example:   In Hills Like White Elephants  by Hemingway, a conversation about an unnamed topic (abortion) starts and ends unresolved, yet the reader understands everything has changed. Read my blog post " Plot Twist or Quiet Goodbye? The Different Types of Story Endings " here to learn about all the different kinds of way to end your story. How To Write a Short Story So, you’ve got an idea—now what? Let’s break down exactly how to turn that spark into a complete short story without losing your mind (or momentum). Step 1: Define Your Core Concept Pick Your Central Idea in 5 Minutes or Less Your short story should focus on one key idea, emotion, or moment. Because short fiction thrives on brevity, you must cut the excess and go straight to the heart of the story. To quickly generate ideas, ask: What is one emotion or realization I want to explore? (e.g., regret, hope, betrayal, transformation) What is one small but powerful event that sparks this emotion? (e.g., a breakup, a confrontation, a discovery) Quick Idea Generation: Story Prompts If you're struggling to find an idea, modify one of these classic short story prompts: A character finds a lost letter that changes everything. A child sees something no one else does but can’t explain it. A detective solves a case—too late. A meeting with an old friend unearths long-buried emotions. A desperate person makes an impulsive choice that changes their life. Once you have one solid idea, move forward without overthinking. Step 2: Define the Core Elements Before Writing Core Concepts & Vision Checklist Theme Ideas: What’s the takeaway?  What’s the core truth of the story? Loss, redemption, discovery, revenge, etc.? Tone & Genre: Is it hopeful, tragic, eerie, heartwarming, suspenseful? Is it literary fiction, sci-fi, horror, romance? Story Type: Character-driven (focuses on inner transformation). Plot-driven (focuses on an external situation or action). A blend of both (internal and external conflict work together). Setting Ideas: Is the setting integral to the plot, or just background? Does it take place in a single location (a house, a train, a city street)? Is it modern, historical, futuristic, fantastical? Writing Style: Sparse & minimalistic ( Raymond Carver, Hemingway ) Lush & descriptive ( Angela Carter, Gabriel García Márquez ) Sharp & fast-paced ( Elmore Leonard, O. Henry ) Central Conflict: What is the internal conflict? (What emotional struggle does the character face?) What is the external conflict? (What external event pushes them toward change?) Step 3: The Fast Three-Act Structure for Short Stories A great way to get get started is to quickly write a rough draft of your short story. Here's a quick overview of how to do that! Act 1: The Hook (300 words max) Start as late as possible in the character’s life— in medias res style—drop them into an active moment. Introduce the protagonist and conflict within the first few sentences. Skip excessive backstory. Hint at it naturally through dialogue, subtext, or action. Act 2: The Rising Conflict (600 words max) Build tension—make things worse for your character. Every action should be forcing a decision or realization. Dialogue should push the story forward—no filler conversations. Act 3: The Climax & Resolution (100-300 words max) Deliver the emotional gut punch—what is the story’s defining moment? End with a strong final image or line—something that lingers. Avoid over-explaining the resolution—leave room for the reader to interpret. Step 4: Make Every Word & Line Count Cut adverbs & unnecessary description (Replace “she walked slowly” with “she trudged”). Focus on dialogue, action, and emotion over long exposition. The last line should resonate—mic drop moment! Step 5: Final Takeaways for Writing a Short Story Quickly Keep it tight: Every sentence should push the story forward. Character is everything: Even in a short space, readers should feel something. Experiment with form: Not all stories need traditional arcs—play with structure. Embrace ambiguity: Don’t explain everything—let your reader fill in the blanks. Bonus: Speedwriting Tips for Short Stories Use a Timer: Give yourself 30-minute sprints to prevent overthinking.  Write the Ending First: If you know where you're going, it's easier to get there.  Trust Instincts Over Perfection: Your first draft won’t be perfect. Just get it on the page. Want a Quick Story Structure Guide? Download my Short Story Cheatsheet—a one-page reference for story lengths, structures, and tips. Sign up for my newsletter for instant access! Short stories don’t need months of planning—they just need focus, intent, and urgency. Whether you’re looking to submit to a contest, develop a skill, or just get words on the page, this speedwriting method will help you write short fiction with impact—fast. Game-ify The Writing Process! Game-ifying the short story writing process can make it more engaging, structured, and fun, especially if you thrive on challenges, timers, or creative constraints. Here are several ways to turn short story writing into a game-like experience: 1. The Randomized Challenge Roll the Dice for Your Story Elements Assign story elements to numbers (1-6 for dice, 1-10 for a random generator). Example categories: Protagonist, Conflict, Setting, Emotion, Theme, Ending Style. Roll the dice for each category, and you must incorporate the result into your story. Example: Protagonist (Roll 4) → An escaped prisoner Conflict (Roll 2) → Trapped in a blizzard Setting (Roll 5) → An abandoned lighthouse Emotion (Roll 1) → Regret Theme (Roll 3) → Redemption Ending Style (Roll 6) → Twist Ending Now, go! You have one hour to write this story. 2. The Timed Sprint Mode Use speedwriting for creativity & flow by setting a strict time limit and challenge yourself to write without stopping: 5-Minute Flash: Write a complete 100-word micro-story in 5 minutes. 30-Minute Blitz: Write a 1,000-word story draft in 30 minutes. 60-Minute Full Story: Plan and draft a full short story under time pressure. Bonus Challenge: If you stop or hesitate, you lose the round. Just keep writing—fix it later! 3. The “Level-Up” Writing System Complete writing challenges to "level-up" your short story skills by assigning XP (experience points) to different skills, and track your progress: 500 XP – Master of Hooks (Write 5 gripping first sentences) 750 XP – The Conflict Creator (Write 3 tension-filled dialogues) 1000 XP – The Flash Fiction Master (Write a full story in 300 words) 2000 XP – The Multi-Ending Storyteller (Write 3 different endings to the same short story) Each completed challenge unlocks the next level of difficulty! 4. The Random Object Challenge Pull inspiration from everyday items and write a short story where the plot revolves around a random object near you. Step 1: Close your eyes and grab an item (a mug, a book, a shoe, a random kitchen utensil). Step 2: Your protagonist must interact with this item in a meaningful way. Step 3: Write a 500-1000 word short story featuring this object as a key element. Example Prompt: You grab a broken watch → Your story: A man finds a watch that counts down to his death—but only when he’s lying. 5. The Restriction Game Add a constraint to boost creativity by giving yourself one major writing restriction and stick to it throughout the short story. Ideas for restrictions: No dialogue – The entire story must be told through action and description. One-room setting – The story can only take place in a single confined space. Only one sentence – The entire story must be written without breaking into paragraphs. Every sentence starts with the same letter – Example: “She waited. She worried. She wondered if he would return.” Why It Works: Constraints force you to think creatively and make deliberate storytelling choices. 6. The “Choose Your Ending” Experiment Write the same story but with three different endings. Step 1: Write a short story setup (character, setting, conflict). Step 2: Write three different endings: Happy Ending – Everything works out. Tragic Ending – The worst possible outcome happens. Twist Ending – Subvert expectations completely. Bonus: Have a friend choose the ending before they read the story and see if it fits! 7. The Reverse Engineer Game Start with the last line & work backward: Pick a random last line and write the entire story leading up to it. You can’t change the last sentence, no matter how weird or out-of-place it feels. Example Last Lines: “And that was the last time anyone saw her.” “The clock stopped at midnight, and so did his heart.” “She picked up the phone, knowing exactly what she had to do.” This method tricks your brain into problem-solving mode, making you think about cause and effect in reverse. 8. Take a Classic Story & Change One Major Element Rewrite a famous story but change one critical detail. Examples: Cinderella  → She never loses the shoe, and the prince must track her down another way. The Three Little Pigs  → The pigs team up and become the villains, hunting the wolf. Dracula  → Dracula is actually a misunderstood hero, fighting against corrupt humans. This game helps you analyze structure, play with tropes, and experiment with perspective. How to Track Your Progress & Stay Motivated Make a Writing BINGO Board: Create a 5x5 grid filled with writing challenges (e.g., “Write a 500-word story,” “Use a random object as a major plot point,” “Write only in dialogue”). Every time you complete a square, mark it off. Reward yourself when you hit BINGO! Set Up a Friendly Competition Challenge a writing buddy to a flash fiction duel: both of you must write a 500-word story in 30 minutes, then swap and critique. Or compete against yourself by beating your own best time! Common Mistakes in Short Stories (and How to Avoid Them) Writers often spend precious word count on buildup or backstory. In short fiction, you need to start as close to the action as possible—again, start in in medias res . Don’t warm up—jump in. Every short story, no matter how brief, needs a sense of tension, urgency, or emotional pressure. If your story meanders without conflict, it loses impact. When in doubt, KISS : K eep I t S imple S weetheart! A short story isn’t the time to assemble an ensemble cast or dive into subplot #3. Keep the cast tight and the goal focused. This is also the time to let the story breathe. Trust your reader. Leave space for them to interpret, imagine, and read between the lines—especially with your ending. And when it comes to your endings, don’t fizzle out. Even open-ended or ambiguous conclusions should feel earned and emotionally satisfying. Stick the landing with intention. Writing Exercises to Sharpen Your Short Story Muscles Now it's your turn to write a short story! Here are some good writing exercises. Exercise #1: The 300-Word Micro Challenge Write a complete story in exactly 300 words.  Focus on one character, one decision, one emotional beat. Trim the fat. Exercise #2: The “Last Line First” Exercise Write your story starting with the ending.  Come up with a killer last line, and reverse-engineer the rest of the story to lead up to it. Exercise #3: The Unexpected Genre Swap Take a fairy tale or myth and retell it in a different genre. What does Cinderella  look like as sci-fi? Or Prometheus  as a romance? Exercise #4: The Emotion-Only Outline Before writing, outline your story using only the emotions the character feels in each scene.  Then build the events around those beats. Exercise #5: Dialogue-Only Scene Write a short story using only dialogue —no tags, no description. It’s a great way to test character voice, pacing, and subtext. Legendary Short Story Writers: Who to Read & Learn From If you want to master the short story form, studying the greats is a must. Flannery O’Connor, for example, is famous for her darkly comedic and Southern Gothic tales, packed with tension, irony, and sharp character studies. Stories like  A Good Man Is Hard to Find  show how a well-crafted short story can deliver both philosophical depth and gut-punching impact in just a few pages. Other legendary short story writers to check out include Shirley Jackson, Edgar Allan Poe, Alice Munro, Ray Bradbury, and Jorge Luis Borges—all masters of weaving compelling narratives in compact spaces. Concluding Thoughts Short stories are a fantastic way to hone your craft, experiment with ideas, and build a strong writing portfolio. Whether you’re looking to publish, challenge yourself creatively, or simply tell an impactful story in a smaller space, short fiction offers endless possibilities. I hope to write more short stories myself as a way to expand my portfolio and give publishers a better idea of my capabilities. But I want to know! Do you prefer writing short stories or longer works? Drop a comment below! See you in the next blog! —Bair✍︎ P.S. If you've gotten this far, I think you could benefit from checking out and reading a few of my other blog posts: Show & Tell: Why BOTH Are Important For Effective Storytelling . Introducing The Tired Writers Podcast! Get more writing ideas and writing tips! Endnote: In medias res  is a Latin term that means “into the middle of things.” In storytelling, it refers to a narrative technique where the story begins in the midst of action, rather than at the chronological beginning. Instead of starting with background info or a slow buildup, in medias res drops the reader straight into a pivotal moment, often during a conflict, crisis, or turning point. The backstory and context are revealed gradually through dialogue, flashbacks, or exposition as the story unfolds. Example: Instead of starting with: Lena was born in a quiet village and grew up with dreams of adventure… You might begin in medias res with: The dragon’s breath scorched the treetops as Lena sprinted through the forest, clutching the stolen relic to her chest. It’s a powerful way to hook readers immediately, create tension, and raise questions that keep them turning pages. Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

The Perfectionism Trap Perfectionism. The bane of all artists existence. It lurks in the shadows of our mind whispering sweet nothings of: your work isn't good enough. Or it creeps in the crevices of our hearts and says:  you  aren’t good enough.  I spent months working on the same damn first chapter of one of my WIP, rewriting it over and over, never satisfied. Why? Because I didn’t know where the story was going, so I kept reworking the opening to  death —thinking if I just got it  perfect , the rest of the book would fall into place. Spoiler alert:  It didn’t . That’s the trap of perfectionism—it tricks you into thinking you’re making progress when really, you’re just running in circles. The longer you chase  perfect , the more you delay  progress. Sound familiar? You’re not alone. But here’s the truth: Perfectionism doesn’t make you a better writer—it keeps you from writing at all. It doesn’t just stall creativity—it murders it. If you’re constantly waiting for the right words, the right moment, or the perfect conditions to write, guess what? You’ll never write. Every book you love exists because someone chose progress over perfection. It’s time to do the same. Liberate yourself of your anxieties and embrace the messiness of the creative process. The only way forward is through. Your words deserve to exist, even in their rawest form. And honestly, there's such a profound beauty of fledgling words in their rawest form. Why deny them their existence? Writing isn’t about perfection—it’s about creating something meaningful, it's about self-expression, and it's about giving voice to something important. Table Of Contents How Perfectionism Kills Creativity Silence Your Inner Perfectionist Give Yourself Permission To Write Badly Set Low-Stakes Goals Remove Distractions Keep Asking Questions Separate Writing From Editing The "No Delete" Rule Fall (Back) In Love With Writing Writing Exercises Concluding Thoughts Why Perfectionism Is Killing Your Creativity Perfectionism convinces you that if you’re not great immediately, you shouldn’t even try. It tells you: "If it’s not perfect, why bother?" "What if people think it’s bad?" "I need to be 100% ready before I start." REALITY CHECK:  Writing is  supposed  to be messy. Your first draft is not a book—it’s just raw material that you’ll refine later. Think about learning an instrument. When you first pick up a guitar: Your fingers hurt. Your chords sound like a dying walrus. You have no idea what you’re doing. Writing is the same. If you’ve been writing for three months, you are a three-month-old writer. Would you expect a three-month-old baby to run a marathon? No. So don't expect yourself to write 5,000 perfect words in one sitting. And while there are talented snobs out there who are great at writing (or any art) from the get-go, talent can only take you so far—what really matters is showing up, practicing, and pushing through the messy middle. Consistency builds skill. Skill builds confidence. Confidence kills perfectionism. How to Silence Your Inner Perfectionist & Just Start Writing 1.) Give Yourself Permission to Write Badly Every writer—even bestselling authors—writes garbage first drafts. Ernest Hemingway literally said: “The first draft of anything is sh*t.” So stop expecting yourself to write Shakespeare on your first try. Write badly. Write messy. Just WRITE. ACTION STEP:  Set a timer for 10 minutes and write whatever comes to mind. No stopping. No editing. Just let the words exist. If your brain freezes up, type:  "This is stupid. I don’t know what to write. Maybe my character just walks into a wall? That’s fine. It’s something." Keep going. Momentum matters more than quality. The words don’t have to be perfect; they just have to be there.  You can’t fix what doesn’t exist. As Shannon Hale put it perfectly: “I’m writing a first draft and reminding myself that I’m simply shoveling sand into a box so that later I can build castles.”  2.) Set a Low-Stakes Goal (200 Words Is Enough) Instead of aiming for “perfect”, aim for progress. Write for  10 minutes. Write  200 words. Write  one messy paragraph. Once you start, you’ll probably keep going. But even if you don’t? You still made progress. Writing isn’t about inspiration—it’s about consistency. Even 200 messy words a day adds up to a full novel. That’s 6,000 words a month, 72,000 words a year. You’re closer than you think. 3.) Remove Distractions and Just Write One of the biggest killers of creative momentum isn’t just perfectionism—it’s  distraction.  Social media, notifications, family, friends, pets, and the constant temptation to check one more thing keep you from getting words on the page. If you want to write,  you need to create a space where nothing else exists but your story. Try these: Put your phone in another room (or use “Do Not Disturb” mode). (Or if you want to be crazy like me, go to a cafe and leave all your devices (yes, ALL ) in your car and bring an old fashioned writing notebook (read here on the 5 Benefits of a Writer's Notebook ) and pencil and write until your fingers cramp.) Use distraction-blocking apps like Freedom or Cold Turkey. Set a timer and commit to writing with zero interruptions. Create a pre-writing ritual to signal to your brain that it’s time to focus. The more you train yourself to enter a distraction-free writing zone, the easier it becomes to lose yourself in the flow of writing. And most importantly, when you're in the early stages of your writing career, treat your writing space as a sacred space. 4.) Stuck? Ask More Questions If you’re struggling to put words on the page, maybe it’s because you haven’t explored your world or characters deeply enough. Even if you’re a discovery writer (pantser), you can gain momentum by figuring out what you want to say with your story. A great way to push forward is to ask yourself questions: Who is my protagonist? What are their flaws? What kind of world do they live in? What problem are they facing? What’s standing in their way? What do they think they want vs. what do they actually need? For me, writing is all about asking questions. The more questions you ask, the more doors you open in your story. If you feel stuck, it might not be a block—it might just be a  lack of clarity . Keep questioning, keep exploring, and the words will come. Read my blog post here on The Power of Asking Questions in Writing to get a whole list of questions to ask yourself while writing. 5.) Separate Writing & Editing Drafting and editing use different brain modes. If you switch back and forth, you kill your momentum. WRONG:  Write → Delete sentence → Rewrite → Stare at blank page → Cry. RIGHT:  Write → Keep moving forward → Let it be imperfect → Fix later. TRICK:  If you can’t resist editing, change the font color to white so you can’t see mistakes as you type. Another trick? Write in a font you hate. Comic Sans. Papyrus. Whatever makes it impossible to take yourself seriously. Make it ridiculous so you stop expecting perfection. 6.) The “No Delete” Rule If you constantly delete sentences while writing— STOP. Instead of deleting: Use strikethrough. ( This sentence sucks, but I’ll fix it later. ) Cha nge the fon t co lor . (Or turn it white so it’s “invisible” until revisions.) Highlight it and move on . You can’t fix what doesn’t exist. Keep moving forward. Editing is where good writing happens, but only if you have something to edit. The Best Way to Beat Perfectionism? Fall (Back) in Love With Writing Perfectionism feeds off fear. But joy? Joy is untouchable. Joy doesn’t care if you write the “perfect” sentence—joy just wants to write. Joy just wants to be free. Here’s how to actually do it: Write the scenes that excite you (even if they’re out of order). Take the pressure off by playing with words. Write something ridiculous, self-indulgent, or over-the-top dramatic. Re-read the part of your WIP that made you fall in love with your story. Make writing feel fun again. Play music, light a candle, wear a ridiculous hat—whatever gets you in the zone. Celebrate progress, not perfection. A messy draft is  still progress. Ready to put this into action?  Let’s do some writing exercises. Writing Exercise: Now It’s Your Turn to Just Start Set a timer for 10 minutes. Write  without stopping —no backspacing, no deleting, no fixing. If you get stuck, literally type “I don’t know what to write next” until your brain fills the gap. When the timer goes off, STOP. Read what you wrote. See? You just wrote something. It might be messy, but it exists. And that’s the goal. Concluding Thoughts Perfectionism is lying to you. Your first draft doesn’t need to be good—it just needs to exist. The difference between writers who finish books and those who don’t? They keep going. Every great writer starts with something imperfect.  The only way to get better is to write anyway. So go . Write something messy. Write something terrible. But most importantly? Write something. “The first draft is just you telling yourself the story.”  – Terry Pratchett Write without fear, ignore the inner-perfectionist, and when in doubt, have a shot of favorite choice of poison—then write! —Bair✍︎ Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !

How to Unstick Your Story and Deepen Your Writing Why Asking Questions is the Key to Better Writing Writing is an act of discovery. Whether you're a meticulous plotter or a chaotic gremlin panster who thrives on vibes alone, asking the  right  questions can guide your story, deepen your characters, and keep your world feeling alive. When you’re stuck, struggling with a weak scene, unsure of where your plot is headed, or staring at your manuscript like it just insulted your ancestors,  questions  are the best tool to unlock new ideas. Instead of waiting for inspiration to strike (spoiler: it’s unreliable and flaky like that one friend who never texts back), train yourself to  ask more questions —about your characters, setting, and story structure. The more you ask, the more possibilities you create. Questions act as stepping stones, helping you navigate the vast landscape of storytelling and ensuring that no part of your narrative feels underdeveloped. Table Of Contents Questions To Ask Before You Start Writing Questions To Ask While Drafting Questions To Ask During Revision Ultimate List of Questions Character Development Questions Worldbuilding Questions Plot & Story Questions Creative Jumpstart Questions Using Questions To Get Unstuck Concluding Thoughts When to Ask Questions in the Writing Process Before You Start Writing (Idea Generation & Planning) Need a new story idea? Ask “ What if? ” repeatedly until something excites you. (Bonus points if it spirals out of control into existential horror.) Unsure about your protagonist? Ask about their past , fears , and motivations . (And whether they have deep-seated trauma. They probably do.) Struggling with worldbuilding? Ask about how people live , work , and survive in your world. (Or how quickly they’d get canceled on fantasy Twitter.) Want to establish strong themes? Ask what moral or philosophical question your story explores. (And how you can emotionally devastate your readers with it.) Developing a magic system or futuristic technology? Ask about its limitations and consequences . (Would it make capitalism even worse? Would wizards unionize? Discuss.) While Drafting (Breaking Through Blocks & Deepening Scenes) If your scene feels flat,  ask what could go wrong.  (Then make it worse.) If your character feels one-dimensional, ask what they want vs. what they need.  (Then emotionally wreck them by denying both.) If your dialogue feels boring, ask what the characters aren’t saying.  (Nothing screams  tension  like repressed emotions and unsaid words.) Trying to boost tension? Ask how the stakes can be raised for the protagonist.  (Literally or figuratively—drop a chandelier on them or force them into an awkward dinner conversation with their ex.) Feeling stuck? Ask yourself what the character is struggling with emotionally.  (Then make them suffer more.) During Revision (Strengthening the Story & Fixing Weak Spots) If a plot twist feels weak, ask what would make it more surprising.  (Could an enemy turn ally? Could someone spontaneously combust?) If a scene feels unnecessary, ask what it adds to the story.  (If the answer is  vibes only,  maybe rethink it.) If a character arc feels incomplete, ask what lesson they need to learn.  (And whether you should let them be happy. Probably not yet.) Want to ensure continuity? Ask what details need to be reinforced throughout the story.  ( Wait, does this kingdom have indoor plumbing or nah? ) Unsure if your pacing is right? Ask where readers might need a break or a faster tempo. (Not every scene needs to be dialed to  trauma & suffering.  Sometimes you need  gay yearning  or  chaotic found family banter. ) The Ultimate List of Writing Questions Use these to deepen your story, fix weak areas, and get unstuck. Character Development Questions Who is my protagonist? What shaped them into who they are? What’s their greatest fear , and why? What’s the biggest  lie  they believe about themselves? What’s the worst thing that could happen to them right now? (Do it.) How do they react under pressure? What’s their breaking point? What’s something they  refuse  to admit—even to themselves? Who do they trust the most? Who do they  wish  they could trust? How would their  enemies  describe them? What childhood memory still haunts them? How do they justify their bad decisions? What are their moral lines, and what would make them cross them? What’s their ultimate comfort food? (And what tragic memory is attached to it?) What’s their biggest  ick  when it comes to other people? Do they have gay panic moments? Be honest. Worldbuilding Questions What’s the political system like? Who has power, and who doesn’t? What do people in this world  fear  the most? What traditions are sacred? What happens if someone breaks them? What’s a  common misconception  outsiders have about this world? What’s considered a  luxury  vs. a  necessity ? How do people in this world handle death and grief? What are the major conflicts shaping this world right now? What’s a small detail (a superstition, a folk tale, a tradition) that makes this world feel alive? How does geography affect culture and behavior? What is the world’s relationship with technology or magic? What’s the weirdest local superstition? (Do they believe in haunted soup?) How do laws and societal expectations influence everyday life? Plot & Story Questions What happens if my protagonist  fails  their goal? What’s the absolute  worst decision  they could make right now? (Make them do it.) How does this scene connect to the  bigger picture ? What’s at stake in this moment? Can I  raise the stakes ? Does this scene reveal something new about my characters? What unexpected  consequences  could happen next? If I cut this scene, would the story still make sense? If yes, do I need it ? Who benefits the most from what’s happening in this scene? How does my protagonist change from the start of the story to the end? What’s the one thing my protagonist swore they’d never do? (Make them do it.) What motivates my antagonist beyond simply “being evil”? What themes run beneath the surface of my story? Creative Jumpstart Questions (For When You're Stuck) What would happen if I completely  changed the setting of this scene ? What if this character is hiding something important? What if I wrote this scene  from a different character’s POV ? What’s a small but powerful way I can add tension to this moment? What’s the most unexpected  thing that could happen next? How can I make this conflict more  personal ? What’s something the protagonist doesn’t know yet that will change everything? What happens if I rewrite this scene in the opposite tone (humorous instead of tragic, hopeful instead of tense)? Using Questions to Get Unstuck Asking questions is one thing, but knowing how to use them effectively is another. Here are some techniques: Freewriting with Questions Choose one question and write for 10 minutes without stopping. Let your mind wander—don’t censor yourself. Even if it’s messy, you might discover something surprising. The “What If?” Chain Write “What if…?” and answer it. Then, take that answer and ask “What if…?” again. Repeat 5-10 times—by the end, you’ll have a completely unexpected idea. Switching Perspectives Stuck in a scene? Rewrite it from a different character’s POV. Ask: What does this moment mean to THEM? Sometimes a fresh perspective unlocks the heart of a scene. Shaking Up Expectations If a moment feels predictable, flip it. What’s the opposite of wh at I expected here? How can I challenge the reader’s expectations? Concluding Thoughts Writing isn’t about having all the answers—it’s about  asking the right questions.  The best stories aren’t built in a single moment of inspiration—they’re shaped by curiosity, exploration, and discovery. The next time you feel stuck, don’t panic.  Ask a better question.  The answer might lead you somewhere incredible. And if all else fails, remember: chaotic gremlin energy always wins. Lean into the chaos, embrace the uncertainty, and throw perfectionism into the nearest volcano. Writing is meant to be wild, messy, and filled with unexpected surprises. The more questions you ask, the more you invite possibility—and the more you allow yourself to break free from self-imposed constraints. So write. Write nonsense, write brilliance, write something that makes you cackle at two in the morning. Just write. Because the only story that truly fails is the one that never makes it onto the page. What’s a question that helped you break through a writing block? Drop it in the comments! Happy writing! —Bair✍︎ Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? 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Are you a newbie writer and want to get better at writing? Want to skip the painful lessons I, and many other authors, had to learn? Well then, keep reading as this blog will enlighten you. Even if you're an experienced writer with decades of experience under your belt, stick around as you can probably relate to many of these newbie writer mistakes. Read until very end to get a sneaky bonus tip. Table of Contents Not Writing Down Your Ideas Not Organizing Your Ideas Info-Dumping No Internal Consistency You Don't Read Writing Craft Books You Don't Write Without further ado... Here are the 6 Newbie Writer Mistakes I Made as a Newbie Writer & How You Can Avoid Them 1.) Not writing down your writing ideas. This may seem like a no brainer but as a young teen with a fresh brain and ability to remember ideas in great detail, led me to the bad habit of never writing down my story ideas during the early stages of my writing journey. I lament never writing my story ideas down as a teen as there worlds-worth of ideas that I've forgotten that I wish I could remember; and subsequently tell. Don't be like me and delude yourself into believing that you'll remember all of your ideas and their nuances later. I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but you wont. Create a series bible or a create a way to keep all of your ideas in order. I love my writers notebook and my OneNote for this reason. With OneNote, I can have several notebooks with several folders and notes that can help me keep track of all my various thoughts and ideas for everything—not just my writing. I plan to write a future blog entailing how I like to organize my OneNote for all my writing as it leads me to my next point... 2.) You don't organize your ideas from the get-go. I'm not talking about plotting here. Even if you are a sworn panster, coming up with a small outline is better than none. I'm a discovery writer myself, but once I have the meat and bones of my story I have  to organize them. Whether it's in a word processor, notebook, or scrivener, keep your ideas organized . You'll save yourself so much trouble and pain down the line. Don't be like me and get 80,0000 words deep into a project only to put down your novel for two years to come back to a dumpster fire of a mess. It's like coming home to a hoarders house not knowing you were a hoarder and asking yourself, "how the  f*ck  did I live like this?" Don’t do it. Just... don't .   Do yourself a favor and create a system that best suits how you and your brain work for organizing your writing. Create special folders for everything you need: characters, setting, plot, worldbuilding, inspiration, research, etcetera. Make it as detail or simple as you need   I have a personalized scrivener template which I created which you can download here  so you can get a head start so you don't have to do it at all—that helps me keep track of all my writing. Everything from characters, character sheet & scene card templates, to worldbuilding, and research. If you decide to download my template, feel free to delete or add anything from the list. And please comment below if you found it helpful or not.   3.) Info-dumping This may seem like a, "uh… duh Bair, I would never info dump," no brainer. But instead of being the writer who tells you, "NEVER INFO-DUMP!" I'm here to tell you to info-dump to your hearts content… Outside of your main draft . In the beginning stages of your writing and your first drafts, feel free to info-dump outside  of your main writing. Create a separate file to write it all down. Just like in my first point, write down all of your ideas. Then take bits and pieces of your info-dump and evaluate what info you have that will actually be needed and relevant to your story. This way you don't end up deleting something in your main manuscript that contained an important detail that you're now forgetting because you deleted it. (Trust me, I've done this one too many times to count.) But just in case, if this is the first time you've heard of info-dumping and you have no idea what it is, info-dumping is when a writer provides a large amount of information to their audience in a story in a concentrated and uncontrolled manner. This can be overwhelming for readers as it may disrupt the flow of the narrative. Info-dumping often occurs when a writer tries to convey a significant amount of background information, world-building details, or explanations all at once, without integrating them seamlessly into a story. This can be problematic because it may lead to a lack of engagement from the audience, as they may find it tedious or difficult to absorb the information. Effective storytelling usually involves gradually revealing information in a way that is relevant to the plot or character development, allowing the audience to become naturally immersed in the world of the narrative.   Info-dump—just don't keep it in your finished manuscript. Distribute the information strategically throughout the narrative, provide it in digestible portions and integrate it as seamlessly into the storyline as much as possible. Allows your readers to learn about the world, characters, or concepts at a pace that enhances their understanding and enjoyment of the narrative.   4.) Not keeping things internally consistent.  Be it character voice, behavior, timelines, worldbuilding, or character description, keep it consistent. Say it with me now, "Write it all  down."   Your first drafts and writing ramblings are meant to be where you discover your characters, your story, your settings, and all the little details you discovered during your initial writing. But once you get to your third or fifth draft, create a series bible (sometimes known as a story bible), note section, what have you, and in detail consider your characters' past experiences and ensure their actions and decisions align with their established traits. Developing well-rounded characters with consistent personalities, motivations, behaviors, and m aintaining internal consistency is crucial for creating a believable and engaging story. Don't forget to maintain a consistent tone and writing style throughout your narrative. Consider the genre and atmosphere of your story, ensure the language, dialogue, and overall feel remain cohesive. Avoid introducing elements that contradict the established rules unless there is a well-thought-out and logical explanation. Pay attention to small details, such as names, dates, and descriptions, to ensure they remain consistent throughout the story. Stay true to the rules you create. When in doubt, regularly review your work for inconsistencies during the writing process. During the editing phase, pay special attention to details and verify that all elements align with the established rules and continuity. If you're unsure, share your work with beta readers or writing buddies  who can provide fresh perspectives and identify any inconsistencies you may have missed. 5.) You don't read writing craft books or books in the genre you write. This next tip is a quick one. If you want to stay an amateur, fine . Be my guest I guess. But no one will read your books. Sorry but that's the truth. Writing craft books can be the thing that make or break your writing. Learning how to better flesh out your characters, the driving force of your story, is pretty critical don'tchya think? Sink your teeth into plotting books, story craft technique books, how-to-write-to-reader books, how-to-set-a-scene books. There are so many good story and writing craft books written by expert authors that you have no excuse to not read them. Not only are writing craft books important, but it is immensely important to read books in the genre you write. Reading books in the genre you write helps you gain an understanding of trends, tropes, common cliches, what is typically expected by your genre audience, and so on. The list goes on. Reading books in the genre you write can also help inspire your own writing. It can help you figure out what to do in your own narrative, give you insight into how characters in your genre typically behave and how you can subvert readers expectations. Help your readers stay engaged and on the edges of their seats—or better yet, have them staying up all through the night 'til sunrise—by doing your do-diligence as an author. Read in your genre and read writing craft books. Heck! Take a writing class. Or feel free to read this blog here to learn more about my absolute favorite writing craft books that immensely helped my writing. (Forewarning: Unsurprisingly, you will see Sacha Black pop-up often).   6.) You don't actually write. This is the kicker. (I bet a whole bunch of you just cringed.) How can you become better at writing if you don't write? It doesn't matter how many writing craft books you read if you don't apply what you've learned, what real good is it if you don't put it into practice. Five words is better than no words. Three good sentences are better than an empty word document. You can always edit bad writing, you can't edit a blank page. Need I say more? BONUS TIP: Make friends with other writers If the last point kicked you in the crotch, then more than anything please take this advice. Make friends with other writers. As many of you can relate, it can be really difficult to gather-up motivation to write. Having even one writing friend can be the difference of writing 50,000 words in three years to writing 35,000 words in a month . Writer friends are invaluable. Read this blog here on writing buddies , where to find them, and why they're so important. Now get out there and put these tips to use. Happy writing! —Bair✍︎ Want to stay up to-date on get exclusive updates and insights on future projects, book launches, writer and reader resources, FREE literature, writing freebies, and a more? Sign up for my Newsletter ! Find more helpful writing tips on the rest of my blog . Struggling to get your word count in? Check out my writing podcast ! Need a new notebook? Check out my hand-bound books ! Support the blog on Ko-fi ! INSTAGRAM  | LINKEDIN  | PINTEREST Check out My Writer & Reader Merch Store Like this post? Share the link on your social media or pin the image below to your Pinterest board !